An Intertextual Analysis of the Use of Qurʾānic Ayahs in Monsha'at Qa'em-Maqam Farahani

The use of Qurʾānic ayahs and themes is one of the main sources of Persian language and literature poets and writers who have used this it in different ways, to the extent that complete intertextual relationships between the Qurʾān and literary texts can be seen. This relationship begins with adaptation and allusion and ends with deeper levels of intertextuality. In the current research, Monsha'at Qa'em-Maqam Farahani is discussed from the perspective of intertextuality, and as it will be seen, Qa'em-Maqam's use of Qurʾānic ayahs has been done in numerous ways: sometimes the author uses the same ayahs with the same Qurʾānic context, sometimes he uses the same ayah in a different context, and at other times the rhetorical and literary use of the ayah is more important to him. In some letters, he focuses more on persuading the audience and the reader and uses ayahs for this purpose, sometimes he interferes in the apparent structure of the ayah and mentions parts of it, and by doing so, he advances his goal. In some letters, there is a trace of the thematic content of the ayah intended by the author, while sometimes an ayah is used in accordance with a textual sign, and a lexical or semantic sign guides the author to use the ayah. In order to make the discussions more methodical and fruitful, the research findings are categorized in the lexical-syntactic, rhetorical, semantic, and pragmatic or contextual level of the language.