Anti-tick effect of aqueous, aqueous-alcoholic and alcoholic extracts of Moringa olifera on hatching eggs process and the growth of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum larvae by Immersion test method

These days one of the most significant challenges to the control and prevention of tick population in the livestock and agricultural industries is increased drug resistance in ticks and the destructive environmental effects of synthetic chemical compounds. In this study, the effects of ovicidal and larvicidal of Hyaloma anatolicum anatolicum mite in exposure to different extracts of Moringa oleifera plant have been investigated. Aqueous, alcoholic and hydro-alcoholic extracts were prepared from M. Oleifera leaves according to Percolation method. Thence, the main components of the plant extracts were identified and analyzed by the gas chromatography (GC) method. The collected eggs from female ticks were immersed in the proximity of different dilutions of the extract (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%) and kept in the incubator for 10 days and the hatched eggs were counted in the experimental and control groups. Also, 14-dainfant ticks, after immersion in different dilutions of the extract, were counted to check the survival of the infant ticks and the actual mortality rate was calculated. The results showed that hydro-alcoholic and alcoholic extracts of the leaves reduced the hatching rate of tick eggs as well as larval survival compared to aqueous extract. The most important compounds identified by GC were Limonene (32.45%), beta-Bourbonene (49.78%), Terpinolene (25.57), delta-3-Carene (21.99%) and Clovene (58.38%) which were higher in the hydroalcoholic extracts than in alcoholic and aqueous extractsrespectively. Therefore, M. oleifera leaves contain compounds which can be effective in reducing the population of Hyalomma anatolicum ticks.