The Representation of Sacred Lineage of Caliphate on the Coins of the Second Century

The sacred lineage of Imamate/Caliphate is one of the most challenging problems in the Islamic society in the first century.  Prophet's family occupied a privileged position in political atmosphere of Muslims from the earliest period. This article puts forward the history of the controversies on the sacred lineage among the Hashimtes and Umayyids and then the Hashimites and Alavids and Abbasids through the study of the coins minted in this period. The struggles of the Abbasids and Alavids in the sacred lineage and the concession of Caliphate in Imam Ali's progeny caused in long-term disputes that could be traced through the coins. These disputes lead to mint of various coins that contained the representation of sacred lineage of caliphate from the Prophet's progeny via Imam Ali and Fatima in the years 145-200 H. Eventually, the Abbasids had to withdraw their previous approach of the rejection of Alavids legitimacy of leadership in the Ma'mun's reign and tried to have a turn into the Alavids that appeared in the coins of the Imam Reza's crown prince.