A Phenomenological Approach to Identifying the Components of Meaning Creation and Its Application in Ontology Based on Peirce’s Sign

This study intends to extract the components of the effective concept in transforming the mental concept into a transferable concept from the perspective of experts based on Peirce’s sign and introduce it for use in ontologies. It aims to answer the question, what are the components of transforming a mental concept into a transferable concept from the point of view of experts based on the components of creating meaning in semiotics and their application in ontology?

The research approach was qualitative and the research method was phenomenological. This is because the method of phenomenological research seeks to understand and discover the experience of different people from the phenomenon under study to reach nature of people's lived experiences and deeply describe their life experiences, which are usually narrated in their own language. Using the phenomenological method, it is possible to directly receive the knowledge and experience of different people from concepts and phenomena. In the research community, there were 18 experts in the field of Ashura and tools for data collection, interviews, observation, analysis of the text of interviews. The phenomenological research used in this research was interpretive phenomenology which was done by inductive method.

From analyzing the text of interviews and published memoirs of Ashura experts, 8 main categories and 47 sub-categories were identified and extracted. The result of the analysis showed that there were different stages in the transformation of the mental concept into a transferable concept or meaning, and each stage had several components.

The results showed that the processes of transforming the mental concept into a transferable concept with the process of creating meaning. In this process, from the time of receiving the sign, recognizing the phenomenon and forming a concept of it in the individual's mind to transmitting the mental concept to others and creating meaning, various stages and components have been effective, the most important of which is related to individual characteristics. Therefore, focusing on how documents are represented in ontologies and information systems, and even how one interacts with the system, cannot lead to the creation of meaning. Rather, one should pay attention to the characteristics of the individual that are directly related to his mental patterns. The processes of perception and cognition in man have several stages and components related to each stage. Persons have their own personal world and structure their mental patterns based on this world. Therefore, for semantic retrieval, in addition to logical problems, statistical techniques and techniques, computer science and artificial intelligence should pay attention to other sciences such as sociology, psychology, anthropology and linguistics.