فصلنامه کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 1 (پیاپی 101، بهار 1402)

This study intends to extract the components of the effective concept in transforming the mental concept into a transferable concept from the perspective of experts based on Peirce’s sign and introduce it for use in ontologies. It aims to answer the question, what are the components of transforming a mental concept into a transferable concept from the point of view of experts based on the components of creating meaning in semiotics and their application in ontology?

The research approach was qualitative and the research method was phenomenological. This is because the method of phenomenological research seeks to understand and discover the experience of different people from the phenomenon under study to reach nature of people's lived experiences and deeply describe their life experiences, which are usually narrated in their own language. Using the phenomenological method, it is possible to directly receive the knowledge and experience of different people from concepts and phenomena. In the research community, there were 18 experts in the field of Ashura and tools for data collection, interviews, observation, analysis of the text of interviews. The phenomenological research used in this research was interpretive phenomenology which was done by inductive method.

From analyzing the text of interviews and published memoirs of Ashura experts, 8 main categories and 47 sub-categories were identified and extracted. The result of the analysis showed that there were different stages in the transformation of the mental concept into a transferable concept or meaning, and each stage had several components.

The results showed that the processes of transforming the mental concept into a transferable concept with the process of creating meaning. In this process, from the time of receiving the sign, recognizing the phenomenon and forming a concept of it in the individual's mind to transmitting the mental concept to others and creating meaning, various stages and components have been effective, the most important of which is related to individual characteristics. Therefore, focusing on how documents are represented in ontologies and information systems, and even how one interacts with the system, cannot lead to the creation of meaning. Rather, one should pay attention to the characteristics of the individual that are directly related to his mental patterns. The processes of perception and cognition in man have several stages and components related to each stage. Persons have their own personal world and structure their mental patterns based on this world. Therefore, for semantic retrieval, in addition to logical problems, statistical techniques and techniques, computer science and artificial intelligence should pay attention to other sciences such as sociology, psychology, anthropology and linguistics.

'Voluntary activities' domain in public libraries is a very important and expanding topic; so that many librarians are exploring new ways to use and retain volunteers. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effective factors on preservation and maintenance of volunteer working in libraries affiliated with Astan Quds Razavi.

This applied research was conducted by survey method. The statistical population includes 200 volunteers working in the libraries of Astan Quds Razavi, which with the Cochran's formula, 131 people were determined as the sample size. A simple random sampling method was used to select the sample size of the research. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The model used in tool design is a three-branch model that has three main components: structural factors, behavioral factors and underlying damages. The validity of the tool was done with the opinion of information science and knowledge experts and librarians with voluntaries staff and the internal coordination of the questionnaire items with Cronbach's alpha coefficient was confirmed.

Research findings showed that among the sub-components related to structural factors, the sub-component of organizational structure had a higher priority and at the end was the service compensation system. Among the components of the behavioral factors, the sub-component of the motivational system had more priority for the volunteers, and then the organizational culture and the characteristics of the managers had the next priorities. From volunteers's point of view, behavioral factors are more important than the other two factors, and from this approach, structural factors are ranked last. It was also found that there is a positive and significant relationship between all sub-components related to structural factors and behavioral factors. Also, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the three investigated factors.

The impact and relationship of all organizational factors on the maintenance of volunteers, shows that the respective managers should have a comprehensive view on the issue of management of volunteer forces to be able to use their maximum capacity in Astan Quds libraries. In the organizational structure, attention should be paid to the determination of their position and role, while removing the strict rules on the employment of volunteer's forces. The incentive system also plays an important role in attracting and keeping volunteers, which should be taken into consideration. In order to attract and retain volunteers, managers should take measures to strengthen the sense of belonging among volunteers and optimize their capacities; otherwise, the human force that can be effective in reducing the various costs of the organization will stop volunteering after some time.

In humanities studies, researchers use Qur’anic verses as a data source for various purposes. Sometimes, from a religious perspective, they consider the Qur’an as the most important source of research and believe that the Qur’an as a heavenly book contains instructions that provide a kind of lifestyle to guide people to happiness and salvation in this world and the hereafter. Therefore, they refer to the Qur’an as a divine source and try to obtain their foundations and frameworks from the Qur’an and accommodate their solutions and ideas with it. Another group believes that humanities should be extracted from the Qur’an, and they speak of Qur’an-based humanities. In any case, considering the importance of the text of the Qur’an for conducting human sciences studies, the purpose of this research is to facilitate the first step of such researches; It means, firstly, to extract all the verses needed for studying human relations from the Qur'an; Secondly, by determining the basic characteristics of human relations, it provides the possibility of categorizing and listing these verses in various ways, according to the goals of the researcher.
In the current research, the verses of the Qur’an were examined one by one with the descriptive-analytical method, and with the help of several contemporary commentaries, the verses that contained mutual human relations were extracted and recorded as a row in an Excel file; Also, the basic characteristics of these relationships, such as the first party and the second party, the type, the Qur’anic recommendations in this type and the basic areas with six titles (religious, social, family, economic, political and scientific), have been determined for each relationship. As a result, all the verses containing human relations have been counted and ten characteristics have been identified for these verses.
As a result, 2295 verses were extracted from all the verses of the Holy Qur’an, in a form of dataset, which contain 3586 relationships. Researchers who want to do research in the Qur'an from various legal, ethical, political, economic, educational, and other aspects will find all the verses they want by using this dataset. In this article, this dataset - archived on Shahid Beheshti University's website - is introduced as a form of information service.
More than one-third of the verses of the Qur'an speak of mutual human relations, and these relations have an amazing variety, so that the possibility of interdisciplinary study of the Qur’an and human sciences is available in all its main branches.

This study aimed at the scientometric analysis of chief editors and editorial board members of ISC journals in health sciences, life sciences, and humanities.

This study applied quantitative research, and it was done with scientometric indicators, including the "Editorial Board Interlocking (EBI)" and Social Network Analysis (SNA). To analyze the data, centrality indices and Excel, Python, SPSS, NetDraw and UCiNet software were used for pre-processing and analyzing data and drawing EBI maps. The research community is 200 journals and 2813 editorial board members (National and International) and chief editors.

In this study 13.08 percent of the editorial board members and 81.5 percent of the journals studied in this article have an "EBI." In the reviewed scientific journals, most editorial board members are "professors," and men cooperate with the journals of the research community almost six times more than women. The University of Tehran, the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and Shahid Beheshti University, and Tehran, Qom and Khorasan Razavi provinces have gained the largest share in publishing journals. Despite six times more men than women, no statistically significant difference was observed between the "EBI" and the gender of editorial board members and chief editors. However, a statistically significant relationship exists between academic rank and the "EBI." "History of Philosophy," the core journal of Humanities and Arts, has first place among 163 interlocked journals with a degree centrality of 14. Regarding the closeness centrality of interlocked journals, it should be added that "Water and Soil" and "Soil Management and Sustainable Production" have obtained a closeness centrality index of 2738. The betweenness centrality section also indicated that the journals "Research in Rehabilitation Sciences (Health Sciences-Waiting List)," “Comparative Linguistics Research (Human Sciences and Art-Core List)" and "History of Philosophy (Human Sciences and Art-Core List)" respectively, have first to third place.

There is an "EBI" in Persian journals. In other words, several editorial board members and chief editors collaborate in several journals. Any increase in the amount of "EBI" means that people are involved in the policies of the journals, such as the publication of articles, refereeing processes and methods, the selection of referees, the proposal of unique articles, the proposal guest editor and many other vital items play a decisive role. The existence of the "EBI," especially the "EBI" with high frequencies, causes the journals of a subject area to adopt almost the same macro policies. In this way, the strategies, plannings, approaches and intellectual paradigms of a limited number of editorial board members, who, based on the results of this research, are primarily men, professors and members of the academic faculty of top universities, on Persian journals in the subject areas of humanities and Art has overshadowed Health Sciences and Life Sciences.

The purpose is to provide a comprehensive view of the applications of Quranic ontologies, through the identification and analysis of research related to the various uses of operational Quranic ontologies, for researchers in the theoretical and practical fields. Based on this, the aim of the authors has been to provide a practical and operational representation of the shortcomings, problems and suggestions raised in the field of the application of existing Quranic ontologies by studying previous projects in order to provide the conditions for maximum use of the capabilities of Quranic ontologies.

The current research is a systematic review of the scoping type, which highlighted the use of Quranic ontologies in previous studies. The methodological framework of Arksey & O'Malley (2005), who have provided five suggested steps for conducting domain review research, was used for this purpose. At April 2022, a search was conducted in 6 databases including Emerald, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus and as a result, 811 studies were identified. To organize the studies, information resource management software (Endnote) was used. Using the mentioned software, 317 duplicate articles were identified and by studying the title and abstract of retrieved sources, 362 articles were removed due to being unrelated to the purpose of the study. Then, the full text of the articles was studied and the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and as a result, 118 articles were excluded. Finally, 14 articles were included in the review.

The findings of the research show that the ontology of Quranic sciences is useful in the design of semantic search engines, the development of conversational systems in natural language and the disambiguation of user queries in natural language, voice recognition and evaluation of Quranic recitation, linking Quranic verses with Web multimedia sources.

Considering the positive results of the application of Quranic ontologies in different areas, it can be argued that with the help of semantic technologies, including the comprehensive ontology of the contextual knowledge of the Quran, the publication Quranic knowledge has been realized and users can be guided to recover Quranic knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a comprehensive Quranic ontology in Persian language as a basis for the applications mentioned in previous researches, such as dialogue systems in natural Persian language and the design of a semantic search engine in Persian language.

In the 21st century, the growth of new technologies in all fields, especially tourism, is inevitable. Also, in this era, many service theories are being revised, and their practical presentation is also changing according to the new logic, and the continuous progress in the development of information and communication technology has also caused significant changes in tourism behaviors. Intelligence in tourism is a new generation of information and communication technology to predict and respond appropriately to the individual needs of tourists and the effective use of tourism resources in tourism destination(s), public sharing of tourism information and experience, and promoting the integration of social resources. Therefore, in the current research, the effective factors on value co-creation through technologies equipped with artificial intelligence and knowledge management in the tourism industry are analyzed.

This study is applied in terms of purpose, and from the point of view of data collection, this study is in the field of descriptive survey research. The statistical population of the current study consists of tourists and experts in the tourism and hospitality industry, and 190 sample members were available, and the questionnaires were completed. In this research, two library and field methods were used to collect data, and the variables investigated in the present study were measured through polling using "localized electronic questionnaire". To measure customer-based factors with 8 items; technologies equipped with artificial intelligence with 5 subjects; Knowledge management with 4 items and finally the effectiveness of value co-creation with 6 items, based on the 5-option Likert spectrum, have been used. Also, the face validity of this questionnaire has been confirmed by the opinion of professors and experts in this field, and its content validity with the relative content validity index based on the opinions of 10 experts who are knowledgeable about the research topic, and its reliability or validity has also been confirmed with the help of Cronbach's alpha coefficient test.

Customer-based factors with a coefficient of 0.364 on the effectiveness of value co-creation, technology equipped with artificial intelligence with a coefficient of 0.802 on customer-based factors and with a coefficient of 1.097 on the effectiveness of value co-creation, and finally knowledge management with a coefficient of 0.540 0 has a significant effect on the effectiveness of value co-creation. And customer-based factors with a coefficient of 0.292 were able to mediate the relationship between technology equipped with artificial intelligence and the effectiveness of value co-creation.

Examining the results of this research showed that the significant effect of customer-based factors, technologies equipped with artificial intelligence and knowledge management on the effectiveness of value co-creation was confirmed. And customer-based factors were able to mediate the relationship between AI-enabled technologies and value co-creation effectiveness. Finally, technologies equipped with artificial intelligence were able to mediate the relationship between customer-based factors and the effectiveness of value co-creation.

The purpose of the present study is to explain the paradigm model of the role of public libraries in informing people with disabilities This study was conducted with a qualitative approach and the grounded theory method. The method of data collection was an in-depth semi-structured interview, which was conducted after interviews with 11 experts and researchers in the field of Knowledge and Information Science. Open, secondary, and selective interview coding methods were used to analyze the data. The finding of this study is a theoretical paradigm model consisting of six parts including the main phenomenon, causal conditions, contexts, strategies, interveners, and the consequences. The main paradigm is informing the people with disabilities. The consequences of these changes can be the improvement of the situation of the people with disabilities, the coordination of organizations, the availability of libraries, making the same situation for them as the other people, the appropriate information model, working from home and its benefits. The results of the study showed that services and facilities should be provided for people with disabilities to use the public libraries and have access to the required information. These services include access to library space and resources, holding educational and recreational courses tailored to the needs of those people, having trained and positive human resources and librarians, preparing a collection of new diverse books, resources and libraries equipped with new technologies. These requirements can only be achieved with a well-tailored plan and budget allocation. The information shall be provided to the customer at the appropriate time and format, regardless of race, religion, age, nationality, or language. Public libraries should be at the forefront of removing barriers to providing information, especially for people with disabilities, given their core mission as providers of information.

Organizational intelligence is defined as the act of acquiring comprehensive knowledge and information about all the affecting factors on the organization. This very key factor capacitates managers and employees to make decisions on such factors affecting the organization in order to gain a competitive advantage. Employing Organizational solutions can raise the organization's competitive power and discriminate it from other organizations. Organizational intelligence can function as a supporting entity for other organizations and enables them to benefit from the competition while using valuable information. This study aims to investigate relationship between organizational intelligence and managerial ability of managers and employees of university libraries in Kerman.
This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of correlation type. To collect the data, a 37-item organizational intelligence questionnaire and a 31-item management capabilities questionnaire of managers and employees were used. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The convenience sample included managers and employees of university libraries in Kerman including central Library of Shahid Bahonar University, central Library of University of Medical Sciences, central Library of Islamic Azad University, and central Library of Payam- Noor University. The study included 32 participants so the census method was used due to its limited number and all the participants were studied. The validity and reliability of the questionnaires were obtained by face validity and Cronbach’s alpha test. The reliability of the questionnaire for organizational intelligence and managers’ and employees’ capabilities are 88 percent and 90 percent respectively.
The findings of the study indicate a significant relationship between the capabilities of managers and employees of university libraries in Kerman and organizational intelligence. That is, with the rise and fall of organizational intelligence, those capabilities increased or decreased. Also, the findings show that there is a significant relationship between the managing capabilities of managers and organizational intelligence. In addition, it was found that there is a significant relationship between the behavioral capabilities of managers and employees of university libraries in Kerman, and organizational intelligence. It was also found that there is a significant relationship between the structural capabilities of managers and organizational intelligence.
The findings revealed that from the managers and employees of these libraries’ viewpoints, management played a proper role in promoting their professional spirit. Taking the effective components into consideration in the planning, implementation and effectual feedback will significantly improve the activities of the libraries. The employees of the libraries have a favorable and propitious feeling towards their organization and have evaluated the workplace as having suitable conditions. They also have a relatively good feeling about their professional activities and carry out the shouldered responsibility appropriately. Also, the common fate, professional spirit, work solidarity, agreement, and the employment of knowledge had a somewhat effect on the structural capabilities of managers and on those libraries. Strategic plans in those organizations are somewhat comprehensible for managers and employees and for success, managers believe in the perspective of the organization with a sense of continued dependency on their organization, so they tend to make more attempts to achieve success.

Two aims of the present study are: First, identifying the most widely used indicators that have been used so far to measure the factors affecting scientific collaboration between countries; and the second, determining the most important indicators in terms of influencing international scientific collaboration.

Due to the accumulation of experimental research in the field of determining factors of international scientific collaboration, which include a multitude of predictive variables and are sometimes accompanied by contradictory results, an evidence-based systematic review was used. According to the PRISMA protocol and without considering the time limit, 20 studies were selected to review the findings. Studies were selected that were based on the level of macro analysis and statistical model. To achieve the first aim, the frequency of use of indicators in various studies was investigated, and to achieve the second aim, indicators with a dominant effect were identified based on the vote counting technique. Due to the heterogeneity of the selected studies (the difference in the test statistic used and the way predictor and control variables are measured), this technique was used.

The most widely used indicators used by researchers are the geographical distance between the capitals of countries (in the physical dimension), common membership in intergovernmental organizations (in the political dimension), economic development, and economic size (in the economic dimension), social similarity (in the social dimension), the common official language (in the cultural dimension), and the number of articles (in the scientific and technological dimension). The results indicate that there is a lot of overlap between widely used indicators and indicators with a dominant effect. All widely used indicators also have a dominant effect. However, some indicators are classified in the group of indicators with a dominant effect despite having a lower degree of application. These indicators include the volume of trade relations (in the economic dimension), colonial relations (in the cultural dimension), specialization distance, and international student exchange (in the scientific and technological dimension). These indicators, based on the consensus of most of the evidence about their type of effect (positive or negative), are among the most important indicators affecting scientific collaboration between countries.

According to the reviewed studies, the identified factors have an undeniable effect on scientific collaboration between countries. As a result, they should not be neglected in the design of national research systems. In addition, this research by enumerating the existing research gaps in this field states that achieving a more comprehensive understanding of the factors requires interdisciplinary studies by researchers in the fields of Knowledge and Information Science, Sociology, and Political Science. Finally, two suggestions can be made. First, the establishment of research areas based on the conclusion of scientific and technological agreements in neighboring areas to solve common problems of member countries; and second, the wider intervention of international organizations in the global flows of student exchange through the creation of international competitions to allocate awards, scholarships, and research grants to countries that have ideas to solve major and common global problems.

Today, in addition to their traditional role in accessing books, and providing a place for reading and other recreational and recreational purposes, public libraries are considered as spaces of society that also have important social roles and functions. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying and ranking cultural factors affecting the role of Iran's public libraries as community centers, and in order to provide a conceptual model in this field, based on Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose; In terms of data collection, survey; And in terms of the nature of the data, it is a mixed research of an exploratory type, which was carried out with a systematic approach of database theorizing. In the qualitative part, effective factors were identified by conducting 33 interviews and 2 focus groups (each group has 4 people and a total of 8 people). The validity of these factors was confirmed by using the content validity ratio (CVR) index, and their reliability was confirmed through the Fleiss' kappa coefficient test. In the quantitative part, the reliability of the tool was confirmed using a questionnaire consisting of 16 items and with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.91. Finally, factors were ranked by Shannon's entropy method.

The findings showed that three cultural factors, including local discourse, the arena of understanding and cultural diffusion, are effective in playing the role of public libraries as community centers. Meanwhile, the field of understanding is considered the most important factor and cultural diffusion has the least effect in this field. All factors had content validity higher than 0.33 and Kappa coefficient higher than 0.7, so all of them have the necessary validity and reliability. Finally, the conceptual model of the research was designed and drawn in six sections.

Jürgen Habermas' theory of the public sphere is one of the sociological theories, which is close to the goals and mission of public libraries. On the other hand, the culture factor is a fundamental factor for playing the role of public libraries as community centers. In this regard, many people may still think that public libraries are a place only for reading, but a review of the various actions and activities of public libraries shows that these places carry out various activities that advance the cultural development of societies. In this way, public libraries play a prominent role in carrying out cultural activities. In order to fulfill its role as a community center, public libraries need to promote the native discourse of the society, be a safe arena for free discussion and understanding of different sections of the society, and spread culture in local communities.

Volunteers to serve in the library are among the capacities that can be used to improve the organization of libraries. This research seeks to determine the factors and challenges of using volunteers in libraries from the point of view of the librarians of Astan Qods Razavi.

This applied research has been done through grounded theory as a qualitative research method. The statistical population of this research is all librarians of the Organization of Libraries, Museums and Astan Qods Razavi Document Center who have 5 years of experience in librarianship. Sampling was done in a non-probability and purposeful way. The number of members of the sample community was determined based on the criteria of theoretical sampling and considering the theoretical saturation of 36 people. The data collection tool was a structured interview. The collected data was analyzed by content analysis method, Barouch, Strauss and Corbin three-step coding and using MAXQDA software.

The results show that the librarians of Astan Qods consider the presence of volunteers in the organization as essential and this necessity is not only an organizational need but also a social necessity resulting from the desire of the community members to work and be active. They don't know about volunteering and they believe that the presence of volunteers will increase the society's awareness of the organization's goals and, as a result, influence the society on the one hand and improve the knowledge and skills of graduates and those interested in participating in scientific and cultural activities. Also, the results of the research showed that the employees face professional and organizational challenges to support and cooperate with the volunteers and the challenges that are related to the nature of the volunteer activity. Choosing candidates with appropriate academic status and academic resume and involving employees and middle managers will reduce the professional and organizational challenges of employees. Challenges such as considering volunteer work as futile and the temporary presence of volunteers in the organization depend on the nature of volunteer work and need to change the organizational culture, which can be improved by training, communication and holding friendly meetings between employees and volunteers.

Libraries can attract interested and talented volunteers through proper information. Retaining volunteers in the library requires systematic planning to overcome the challenges faced by volunteers, administrators, and staff.