An overview of the biological characteristics of common platy Xiphophorus maculatus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) and its cultivation and maintenance in the aquarium.

The present study was conducted in order to review the biological characteristics and breeding and maintenance methods of common platy (Xiphophorus maculatus) as one of the popular aquarium species in the world. The literature review showed that this species is native to subtropical and tropical regions including Mexico, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras. In terms of diet, common platy is omnivorous, and in terms of reproduction, if the water temperature is optimal, it leads to almost continuous reproduction in this species. X. maculatus is known as a peaceful fish, therefore, it is considered a very suitable option for keeping in social aquariums. In general, in terms of the physico-chemical properties of the habitat, platy fish prefer water with a high degree of hardness, which is similar to their natural habitat. The researchers stated that keeping the pH of the water in the range of 6.8 to 8.5 is very suitable for the life of these fish. According to the reports, the lifespan of common platy is three to five years, if it is properly cared for. Fin rot, Ich and velvet are among the most common diseases of platy fish in the aquarium environment. The overall findings showed that common platy (X. maculatus) due to having a series of special features such as small size, omnivorous diet, no need for a special bed and environment for spawning, as well as its high potential in tolerating a wide range of environmental conditions can be considered as an ideal and suitable option for breeding in home aquariums.