Nursing Process of a Adolescence Patient with Hyperglycemia According to King's Goal Attainment Model: A Case Study

Hyperglycemia can increase anxiety, depression, and stress in patients with type 1 diabetes, and as a result, poor control of the disease and a decrease in the patient's quality of life. The present study aimed to present the nursing process of an adolescent with hyperglycemia based on King's goal achievement model.

In the present case study, the research sample was a teenage client with frequent hyperglycemia who had visited the hospital several times and was hospitalized. For this purpose, sample selection was performed by available sampling from the research community (i.e., teenagers hospitalized in Hamedan Children's Department with hyperglycemia diagnosis). Data collection was performed through the client's file, interview, and observation of the client, family, doctor, and nurse. The nursing process, according to King's goal achievement model, started after the patient accepted the researcher's request on the last day of hospitalization. The stages of the nursing process(i.e., examination, diagnosis of nursing, determination of common goals and prioritization, transaction based on client's preferences, and evaluation of the degree of achievement of goals by the client by comparing before and after in the range of -2 to +2) were performed in the form of qualitative analysis.

The result pointed out that diabetic adolescents did not have a proper understanding of the factors affecting the stability of blood sugar levels in the normal range. Nonetheless, they found the necessary preparation to interact with the nurse by implementing the nursing process and understanding the conditions affecting hyperglycemia. The findings led to 4 nursing diagnoses and 12 care goals. In the evaluation, it was found that after the implementation of the nursing process, the adolescent client was able to experience the stability of the blood sugar level within the normal range.

The nursing process, according to King's model, was able to stabilize the blood sugar level in the normal range in the patient under study. Therefore, it is possible to suggest the nursing process according to King's model in adolescents with type 1 diabetes in order to maintain the blood sugar level in the normal range.