Defense Diplomacy of Hirmand's Border Disputes and Non-Compliance of Treaties

Context and Afghanistan's efforts to control the waters of the Hirmand and Harirud rivers to support postwar reconstruction and development have worried Iran. The Iranian government considers Afghanistan's agricultural development and dam-building activities as a threat to water security in its eastern and northeastern provinces. Despite the treaties between the two governments, the cooperation initiative is still ineffective. In this regard, Afghanistan's reluctance to negotiate complex regional policies, Iran's peaceful behavior and border citizenship tensions are among the issues that have resulted in unsuccessful diplomacy in this regard. This research has been carried out with the aim of emphasizing the neglect of Iran's rights in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and also determining a specific approach to curb this problem. The present research was written in the framework of library studies and descriptive method and was done based on the necessity and importance of the subject. In this regard, the findings of the present research are that dialogue-based diplomacy is not necessarily the answer to lose rights and defense diplomacy should be on the agenda to maintain security and peace. It seems that the defense diplomacy strategy can be the solution to the issue of Hirmand in the direction of environmental and security risks.