Analyzing the effect of the ruling rule of "Al-Sahaba Kalham Adul" on the sedition of the murder of Uthman bin Affan

The justice of the Companions is one of the tenets of Sunni belief, according to which all the Companions are righteous and any criticism of them is prohibited. The justice of the Companions was a general affirmation of men, which arose due to necessity, in the hadith science of Ahl al-Sunna. But in the 5th century of Hijri, Sunni theologians turned this royal principle into a theological principle and made it a presupposition in the understanding of Islamic history and analyzed and interpreted history in such a way that this principle would not be distorted. The issue of sedition in the murder of Uthman bin Affan is one of the examples of this type of historical analysis. In this research, the stages of the formation of the plot of murder of Uthman bin Affan have been investigated with a phenomenological method, and the stages of the historical development of the plot of the murder of Uthman bin Affan, from the first century of the Hijri to the fifth century of the Hijri, have been explained. Also, a comparative study has been conducted between the indicators of fitna and the murder of Uthman to clarify whether the nature of the murder of Uthman bin Affan can be considered a fitna. This research showed that some of the indicators of sedition did not exist in the killing of Ibn Uthman Ibn Affan, and one of the important reasons that was effective in this event was undoubtedly the issue of Uthman's burning of the Quran. In the 5th century, Baghalani is the first person who justified the silence of the Companions by calling Uthman's murder a fitna and, in his opinion, proved Uthman's justice.