Rules of relative jurisdiction of criminal courts in Iranian ‎and English law

One of the divisions of jurisdiction of criminal courts is the division of these courts into Courts grade one and Courts grade two. Relative jurisdiction is studied as another kind of criminal courts jurisdiction beside local and inherent jurisdiction. In Relative jurisdiction, Courts grade one deal with more important crimes by multiple judges and Courts grade two deal with less important crimes by single judge. In Iranian law according to criminal procedure code 1392, Relative jurisdiction is accepted in both general and special courts. In English law, also, Relative jurisdiction of criminal courts accepted such a way that the crimes, based on importance, divided into three parts: Indictable offences, Summary offences and Offences triable and this will be heard either by Magistrates’ Court or crown court accordingly. In addition, in the law of both countries, relative jurisdiction in the retrial is also provided and these courts are divided into two categories.