The Effect of the Timing of Pouring Chlorobenzene Antisolvent in the Spin Coating Process in Perovskite Fabrication on Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency

In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the use of perovskite materials in solar cells. The process of pouring chlorobenzene affects the crystallinity of perovskite and thus the efficiency of the resulting solar cell. In this study, we found the best time interval to pour chlorobenzene after starting spin coating to obtain crystalline perovskite. After pouring the perovskite precursor on the substrate and starting the rotation, time intervals of 4, 6, 8, 9, and 12 seconds were tested for pouring chlorobenzene. The sample was then heated to form a perovskite layer, in some cases the layer was cloudy, indicating defective perovskite with incomplete crystallinity. Then, other layers, including Spiro-OMeTAD and metal contacts, were added. After reviewing the graphs and studies, it has been determined that the highest efficiency (16.71%) is obtained for the resulting solar cell in a time interval of 8 seconds for pouring chlorobenzene.