Content analysis of foreign and internal studies of underdevelopement traps in rural areas

Today, one of the major manifestations of continued underdevelopment can be seen in the continuity and even widening of the income and wealth gap between rich and poor countries in the world. In other words, in all countries, both advanced and backward, there are areas that have less growth and development than other areas, and the people of these areas have a lower level of welfare than others for reasons beyond their control. On the other hand, the experiences of all development theories show that achieving development at any level and with any goal requires principled, efficient planning and exact implementation. But the main question is what is the reason that some areas, including rural areas, which have important resources and advantages for growth and development, not only have not made any progress, but also remain as an underdeveloped area compared to the surrounding areas. The main purpose of this study is to summarize studies on barriers, challenges and underdevelopment traps or known as poverty traps in rural development using content analysis method. This research is among the documentary and library researches. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the research approach is quantitative-qualitative with emphasis on qualitative. The statistical population of the study includes all published articles related to the research subject, used in Iranian and foreign publications. Based on the search in a valid database, 95 articles were selected and reviewed. The results of the research show that according to the content analysis of the studies, the underdevelopment trap in rural areas has been studied in 4 criteria (productivity trap, social vulnerability trap, institutional trap and environmental trap). The most indicators related to productivity trap, vulnerability trap, institutional trap and environmental trap are product price fluctuations, lack of capital and savings, weakness of institutions and lack of infrastructure and communication network compared to other indicators, respectively. Also, in general, social vulnerability traps and related indicators have received more attention than other underdeveloped traps in rural areas.