A Systematic Literature Review of Citizen’s Participatory Ladder Models

Nowadays, there are different participatory citizen’s types in architectural design process, each of which is different from the other in terms of the type and user participation level. In general, participation types as a potential for better and more appropriate architecture are rarely used. They are either carried out casually and poorly planned, or remain at the stage of theoretical foundations, which only confirms prejudices about its ineffectiveness. Despite the fact that a whole horizontal and participatory tradition has been acknowledged in citizen's participatory ladder models historically, empirical research characterizes participatory ladders in the relevant literature. Despite this, there are not many studies that track participation, making it difficult to get a broad picture of participatory ladder models in practice. To further explain, the participatory ladder models type was studied, and the method of a systematic literature review procedure was employed to gain a thorough grasp of these models. Out of 528 articles, 61 were chosen and examined for this purpose. Following the 61 studies, findings show that participatory ladder models have been used in five general groups.  Studies are including ones on urban and regional planning, social participation, city, social learning, as well as participatory ladder models of evaluation and validation. Findings indicate that 12 categories make up 22 studies on urban and regional planning. Participatory city ladder models are the subject of 12 studies, social participation models are covered in 16 research, and social learning is covered in 5 studies. Participatory ladder models, including evaluation and validation models, also comprise 5 other investigations, and  the least amount of articles was allocated to the areas of "social learning" and "evaluation and validation," while the most articles were allocated to the area of "urban and regional planning," likely because participatory ladder models were used more frequently in this area. This comprehensive survey of the literature offers a good opportunity to start future studies on participatory design that makes use of participatory ladder models.