Analysis Of Mentality Of Constructing Pyramids In Ancient Civilizations

Pyramids are considered stable forms in visual arts and architecture, the construction of which dates back to the emergence of the first civilizations. Since the third millennium BC, when humans entered civilization and urbanism, they began constructing pyramids and stone benches for burial or temple uses. Although the civilizations may not be contemporaneous in formation, in the course of architectural evolution in most parts of the world, such as Egypt, Mesopotamia, pre-Columbian America, and Southeast Asia, by entering civilization and urbanization, the construction of pyramids and stone benches have been seen in different forms. This study aims to find out where the pyramids were constructed in the world and their similarities and differences. This study was conducted using the descriptive-analytical method. The study results indicate that the pyramid form with a square base is an archetype which was formed and developed in regions of the world that were the center of civilization and myth. The pyramid is a symbol of a myth and thought. In India, the pyramid-shaped arch of Hindu temples represents the legend of Mount Meru. Despite the geographical and chronological gap between Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Inca, and Hindu temples, the archetype has shown to be very efficient in the construction of pyramidal structures. Hence, the difference in the construction of the pyramids depends on the use, culture, and needs of the society, which caused the pyramids to be diverse in decoration, dimensions, and size.