Explannation of conceptual models for spatial tourism evolution in passage destinations (case study: Khalkhal county)

passage tourist destinations are considered as one of the types of tourist destinations that are important due to the communication position between the destinations. these destinations have a small share of tourism benefits. One of the strategies to solve this challenge is to change the spatial position of the destination and turn it into a focal destination. Khalkhal city in Ardabil province is one of the passage destinations. One of the major challenges related to the spatial evolution of a destination is the existence of multiple perspectives and thought patterns. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to identify and explain the thought patterns of spatial evolution of the tourism destination and to present an intellectual model of tourism evolution. Data were collected from library and field studies and from 20 experts in Khalkhal tourism, including entrepreneurs, managers and researchers, and some tourists, and then analyzed through the Q analytical model. Based on the results, 9 thought patterns were identified. The distance and importance of thought patterns do not differ much and are close. The final model of the transformation model was presented with emphasis on alternative programs, the main components of which include branding, training of creative forces, focus on the sphere of influence, communication between tourists and marketers, infrastructure development, attention to traditions and changing rules, tourism routes, Ecotourism and urban tourism is a combination of indigenous and non-indigenous forces and attention to the perspective of the current and future situation between the road and the focus