Analytical Investigation of Herder's Bildung Idea and Inference of the Conceptual Components of Education Based on It

This study aimed to analyze the concept of Bildung, which is based on Herder's concept. Accordingly, it is possible to provide new conceptual components for the education system. Herder draws a goal for human beings, ignoring history and culture, that this target reaches a common point and finds meaning in the shadow of cultures and multiplicity of ethnic identification and nations, and that is the meaning of humanity. The present study explains the concept of Bildung, culture, and humanity using the method of conceptual analysis and considers humanity as the purpose of education and the concept of culture and its elements as a way to achieve this goal. Finally, he concludes with the basic concepts of education. The result of the present research is based on the fact that the concept of Bildung has a basic role in developing Human, Transcultural, Comprehensive and Harmonious education; So, in general humanity in Herder's thought is the supreme purpose of human creation and education and the concepts of culture and Bildung help us to achieve the desired human perfection. From Herder's point of view, culture is texture and context and also content for education. It means that culture is the history and theory of education in terms of context and on the content side, it is the idea of Bildung, which he considers cultural education. Therefore, a type of dialectical relationship can be found between the concepts of culture, the idea of Bildung, and the purpose of education, which is humanity, so that one is impossible without the presence of the another. Finally, the basic concepts of education, which were concluded based on the concept of Bildung and its components, include freedom education, historical education, transcultural education, progressive education, and aesthetic education.