Explaining The Necessity of Garden City System In Urban Planning Projects Of Iran

The Garden city movement emerged when human abuse of nature and the natural environment was increasingly included in the political of Western reformers who were eager for civilization and progress. Garden city could reduce these harmful effects of industrial capitalism and provide essential necessities for a healthy life, especially for urban workers. Howard believed that Garden city could improve the social, cultural and physical health of the urban working class by providing pre-designed spaces for living and closer relationships with nature. Howard was looking for planning solutions to the complex urban problems that result from the predicted and unstoppable growth of cities. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to take inspiration from Howard's garden theory to deal with contemporary urban issues. In terms of its nature, this research is of the type of mixed qualitative-quantitative and survey research with an exploratory approach, and in terms of its purpose, it is of an applied type. The statistical population was the experts of Urban planning and Agricultural in Zanjan city and urban planning professors of Tabriz University, who were selected based on the snowball method. The findings were indicative of the consequences of modern architecture in not paying attention to open spaces and removing the courtyard, which had been replaced by the balcony since the 1980s. These consequences have shown their results in changing the use of agricultural land in the form of Garden home(Garden city). The result of the research seeks to explain the challenges of not paying attention to the Garden city system in the urban planning system of Iran by using the insight of the formation of the Garden city movement. Paying attention to the standards of open and semi-open spaces and urban green spaces is one of the suggestions of this research.