Analytical-critical review of views on the issue of "criterion of the effect's need for the cause" and comparing them with passages from Nahj al-Balagha

In the issue of the criterion of needing the effect to the cause, several major theories have been proposed, which are: the theory of occurrence, the theory of substantive possibility, the theory of the possibility of existential poverty, and the theory of semantic possibility. The defenders of each of these theories have tried to cite passages from the book of Nahj al-Balagha to confirm their theory. The main question of this research is to what extent each of these theories is compatible with the verses of Nahj al-Balagheh book. In this article, using analytical-critical method, the ratio of each of the theories with the content of Nahj al-Balaghah passages has been investigated. Based on the findings of this research, the theory of semantic possibility can be defended in such a way that "particular possibility" is not a special attribute of nature, and in addition to substantive meanings, existential and non-existent meanings can also be attributed to this attribute, and the attribution to this attribute is the reason for the need for this Things are for a reason. In addition to this, there are evidences that show that what the famous sages mean by nature in the theory of inherent possibility is not the special meaning of nature - "Ma yûqal fi juab ma ho" -. Rather, they mean nature in the general sense, which includes every meaning and truth that has the ability to exist and disappear. Also, the attribute of occurrence and the attribute of possibility of existential poverty can also be considered as a sign of their description as a special possibility attribute and a sign of the need of the effect for the cause; Not that these two attributes are the reason for the effect's need for the cause. Some passages from the book of Nahj al-Balagheh can be a confirmation of this matter