The Role Geographical Variables of the Region in Terms of Human Dignity in Urban Planning; (Case Study: The New and Old Neighborhoods of Hakimieh and Iran Street, Tehran)

The principle of dignity is a human virtue and perfection that is rooted in human nature. The principle of honoring the essence and existence of man as the best creature has always been the concern of thinkers and all human beings. In addition, human dignity is considered as the foundation stone in fundamental rights and humanitarian rights, and legal and moral charters will be incomplete without considering it. The city and urbanization is a prominent social process that has caused more changes in the mutual relations between humans and the environment and with other humans. One of the main principles and elements of the Islamic city is its social and human pillar, which in the urban planning and design of Islamic cities, considering the place of man in the presence of God, and in the religion of Islam, it should be considered, and cities should be a place for peace, order, and dignity. People can grow in cities in different social, economic and cultural dimensions. Human dignity, as an important principle rooted in the history of human life, is the backbone of human perfection. The criteria taken from the opinions of non-Muslim thinkers with regard to the intellectual foundations in the western view, that the purpose of development in the past was mostly the acquisition of capital and today in its best form, human and human rights, and has paid more attention to the aspect of life in the world and its possibilities. Some criteria and components of human dignity are common in both Western and religious approaches. It seems that the common criteria and components in these two approaches include "freedom", "respect", "justice and equality", "social responsibility and service to the people", "self-confidence and self-belief", "unity and unity". "Society" and "responsibility", which are mostly social and public, and their impact on the social sphere of society is more than the individual and personal sphere. Old and traditional neighborhoods of Iranian cities in the past have been living and have a sense of belonging for their residents, but these neighborhoods with unplanned and imitation renovations and regardless of their empowerment in the above plans, including comprehensive urban plans, some of their qualities have lost. Many of these old and traditional neighborhoods have been the core of the formation of cities throughout their history, but today it seems that we can see the decline of human dignity in neighborhoods, followed by social, economic, physical and ... Gave in them. Since in this study, not all neighborhoods of the city can be examined in terms of characteristics and components of the Islamic city in general and human dignity in particular, this study examines an example of an old neighborhood and a sample of a new neighborhood followed by Is able to answer the questions of this study, firstly, what is the role geographical variables of the region in terms of human dignity in urban planning, and secondly, are neighborhood renovation planning successful in achieving the preservation and promotion of human dignity standards compared to old neighborhoods? This research is of developmental type with regard to subject and purpose and its research method is comparative. Documentary method has been used to develop a theoretical framework. For this purpose, the criteria of human dignity are first explained based on the opinions of Muslim scholars and the works of non-Muslim thinkers. Then, to measure each of the variables, a number of items and questions have been developed that form a semi-structured questionnaire. After confirming the validity and reliability, this questionnaire is measured comparatively in two neighborhoods. How to answer the questions and items was the questioner's reference to the respondents and the questionnaire. From the questionnaire answers that were answered by 100 residents of Iran Street neighborhood and 100 residents of Hakimieh neighborhood and also comparing the average points calculated for each question for each neighborhood. It was found that the satisfaction of the residents of Iran Street neighborhood towards the realization the standards of human dignity in his neighborhood are higher than the residents of Hakimieh neighborhood. The average score of each neighborhood is a number between zero and four, the closer this value is to the number four, it indicates the greater desirability and satisfaction of the residents, and the closer this average is to the number zero, it indicates the dissatisfaction of the residents with the realization and existence. The result of the research of the new Hakimieh neighborhood, which has been renovated based on the contemporary construction model, but has not led to the promotion of any of the criteria of human dignity in this neighborhood and shows the criteria of human dignity as one of the characteristics of a desirable Islamic city in the neighborhood. The traditional and old Iran Street has been realized more than the new and newly built neighborhood of Hakimieh. Today's cities are also (despite the difference in terms of structure, extent and size from the old cities) like the old cities, they consist of a set of neighborhoods. In the new neighborhoods, the use of new constructions, the relations of the residents of the neighborhoods with each other, and the geographical, economic, cultural, social, etc. components and features that existed in the traditional neighborhoods have also undergone changes. However, the old neighborhoods with the same traditional texture and architectural style, the way of dealing and social behavior of their residents with each other are still standing. Finally, considering the lower satisfaction of the residents of Hakimieh compared to Iran's neighborhood, which indicates the failure of Hakim’s renovation program in increasing these indicators, solutions for the criteria for each of the neighborhoods are provided. Future studies can first repeat this measurement in different areas of the country. Then they can focus on evaluating programs and human dignity in them: programs such as comprehensive and detailed plans, renovation programs, and other interventions.