فصلنامه نگرش های نو در جغرافیای انسانی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 58، بهار 1402)

As a home and all its interior spaces provide shelter for the family and its guests, the city and its spaces should provide safety and security for all residents and observers alike. Smart cities are predicted to be the future of human cities, a vibrant, flexible, sustainable, creative, and livable city of technology. And increasingly becoming are part of a national perspective where technologies are widely used to encompass processes of all dimensions of urban development, planning and management. Interest in the concept of smart city has grown steadily over the last few years, research on the Internet of Things and the Urban Area has been presented to clarify definitions, assessments and improvements in smart city services. Smart city security is a global initiative, not for greater profit but to address the security problems of the future and the future of smart cities through collaboration between companies, governments, the media and people's initiatives around the world. At present, safety and security are the main advantages of smart cities. Now the smart city is said to be a city with intelligent components including smart economy, intelligent transportation, intelligent environment, smart citizens, intelligent lifestyle and intelligent office management. In Iran, according to the latest decisions taken at the Ministry of Interior, intelligence has been targeted at least five cities in Urumia, Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad and Tehran. In Zanjan, efforts and efforts to become a smart city are under way. The purpose of this research is to measure the status and ranking of 57 Zanjan neighborhoods in terms of intelligent city security indicators and determine the role of each indicator in determining the current status of neighborhoods in terms of smart city security indicators. This research seeks to answer these two main questions: 1. What is the status and rank of Zanjan's neighborhoods in the smart city security indicators? 2. Which indicators play the most role in determining the current status of neighborhood security?

Methodology :

The present research is methodological, descriptive-analytical and in terms of approach, theoretical and practical. In the first step, the criteria and sub-criteria are derived using the basics and background of the research. In the second step, the criteria and sub criteria of research are categorized. Due to the lack of accurate spatial data in Iranian cities, a researchermade tool has been constructed and a sampling method has been used to measure the indices. After designing a questionnaire, the first pre-test was used to determine the validity and reliability of the measuring instruments for 30 people. The statistical population of the study consists of 110154 households living or active in civilian units with various uses in the 57 district of Zanjan. Sampling was done using a partial method. To determine the sample size, the Cochran method was used and 384 households were selected to complete the forms, which was upgraded to 400 samples to ensure more samples. The reliability of the tool was measured using Cronbach's alpha, 0.871, which confirms the reliability of the tool at the optimal level. In this method, K represents the number of items and Si represents the standard deviation of the total score of the items. According to the purpose and the research questions, using the wikror method, for ranking the neighborhoods in the indexes, and using the scatter coefficient method to analyze the distribution and balance method in the internal distribution of indices in the neighborhoods.

Result & Discussion:

 The results of this study are consistent with the results of the research of Nobakht and Aminian (2015), Sarvqudi and Shakeri (2017), Kalavia et al. (2012) and Philiponi et al. (2010). The present study, which was done using the wikur method and its output was mapped in a map, showed that some of the neighborhoods have a favorable situation and others are in a totally unfavorable situation. The results of this study showed that in total of 57 indicators in Zanjan city, 11 neighborhoods with unfavorable status, 24 undesirable neighborhoods, 17 neighborhoods in somewhat favorable condition and 5 neighborhoods in optimal situation. In explaining the reasons for the situation in Zanjan's neighborhoods in intelligent security indicators, one can analyze that: firstly, the neighborhoods have a favorable situation, in line with the historical context and the business center of the city, or some new settlements with an age of more than 15 years, and the neighborhoods of middle income groups Top of the city, which has significant services in the public and private sectors, and is also superior in terms of infrastructure. Secondly, the neighborhoods are in a state of play in keeping with newer settlements with less history or new settlements under construction and development in which the services and infrastructure are not sufficiently provided, although they are progressing. Thirdly, neighborhoods in an undesirable and totally undesirable condition mainly consist of several types of urban texture. Among them are the newly built and urbanized settlements, old townships and urban wastewater, slum and marginal neighborhoods, and urban-urban neighborhoods integrated into the city and are part of the city's districts, but lack significant infrastructure and public services.

Conclusion :

In total, research findings showed that about 49% of the city's neighborhoods are in an unfavorable position in terms of intelligent security indicators. Given the impact of security on a variety of issues such as citizenship satisfaction, social welfare, development and progress, and so on, the percentage seems to be high and unacceptable. Because security, in today's life, is the alphabet of any urban development and planning. What was learned from the research findings is that there are many problems in the area of intelligent security in the city of Zanjan in the whole of the city, which is often related to the infrastructure section of this issue. Considering the prospect of smart urban development at the international and national level, the need to create an initial infrastructure for a smart urban development is a necessity. There are also significant differences in intelligence security in different city areas. Most of the newly constructed neighborhoods are under construction, due to the incompleteness of infrastructure, the growth of disadvantaged urban areas, urban poverty, or urban frosts, due to the formation of outside the frameworks and principles of urbanization and, ultimately, marginalized or integrated villages in the city due to lack of justice in terms of infrastructure, they are inappropriate in terms of intelligent security indicators.

The principle of dignity is a human virtue and perfection that is rooted in human nature. The principle of honoring the essence and existence of man as the best creature has always been the concern of thinkers and all human beings. In addition, human dignity is considered as the foundation stone in fundamental rights and humanitarian rights, and legal and moral charters will be incomplete without considering it. The city and urbanization is a prominent social process that has caused more changes in the mutual relations between humans and the environment and with other humans. One of the main principles and elements of the Islamic city is its social and human pillar, which in the urban planning and design of Islamic cities, considering the place of man in the presence of God, and in the religion of Islam, it should be considered, and cities should be a place for peace, order, and dignity. People can grow in cities in different social, economic and cultural dimensions. Human dignity, as an important principle rooted in the history of human life, is the backbone of human perfection. The criteria taken from the opinions of non-Muslim thinkers with regard to the intellectual foundations in the western view, that the purpose of development in the past was mostly the acquisition of capital and today in its best form, human and human rights, and has paid more attention to the aspect of life in the world and its possibilities. Some criteria and components of human dignity are common in both Western and religious approaches. It seems that the common criteria and components in these two approaches include "freedom", "respect", "justice and equality", "social responsibility and service to the people", "self-confidence and self-belief", "unity and unity". "Society" and "responsibility", which are mostly social and public, and their impact on the social sphere of society is more than the individual and personal sphere. Old and traditional neighborhoods of Iranian cities in the past have been living and have a sense of belonging for their residents, but these neighborhoods with unplanned and imitation renovations and regardless of their empowerment in the above plans, including comprehensive urban plans, some of their qualities have lost. Many of these old and traditional neighborhoods have been the core of the formation of cities throughout their history, but today it seems that we can see the decline of human dignity in neighborhoods, followed by social, economic, physical and ... Gave in them. Since in this study, not all neighborhoods of the city can be examined in terms of characteristics and components of the Islamic city in general and human dignity in particular, this study examines an example of an old neighborhood and a sample of a new neighborhood followed by Is able to answer the questions of this study, firstly, what is the role geographical variables of the region in terms of human dignity in urban planning, and secondly, are neighborhood renovation planning successful in achieving the preservation and promotion of human dignity standards compared to old neighborhoods? This research is of developmental type with regard to subject and purpose and its research method is comparative. Documentary method has been used to develop a theoretical framework. For this purpose, the criteria of human dignity are first explained based on the opinions of Muslim scholars and the works of non-Muslim thinkers. Then, to measure each of the variables, a number of items and questions have been developed that form a semi-structured questionnaire. After confirming the validity and reliability, this questionnaire is measured comparatively in two neighborhoods. How to answer the questions and items was the questioner's reference to the respondents and the questionnaire. From the questionnaire answers that were answered by 100 residents of Iran Street neighborhood and 100 residents of Hakimieh neighborhood and also comparing the average points calculated for each question for each neighborhood. It was found that the satisfaction of the residents of Iran Street neighborhood towards the realization the standards of human dignity in his neighborhood are higher than the residents of Hakimieh neighborhood. The average score of each neighborhood is a number between zero and four, the closer this value is to the number four, it indicates the greater desirability and satisfaction of the residents, and the closer this average is to the number zero, it indicates the dissatisfaction of the residents with the realization and existence. The result of the research of the new Hakimieh neighborhood, which has been renovated based on the contemporary construction model, but has not led to the promotion of any of the criteria of human dignity in this neighborhood and shows the criteria of human dignity as one of the characteristics of a desirable Islamic city in the neighborhood. The traditional and old Iran Street has been realized more than the new and newly built neighborhood of Hakimieh. Today's cities are also (despite the difference in terms of structure, extent and size from the old cities) like the old cities, they consist of a set of neighborhoods. In the new neighborhoods, the use of new constructions, the relations of the residents of the neighborhoods with each other, and the geographical, economic, cultural, social, etc. components and features that existed in the traditional neighborhoods have also undergone changes. However, the old neighborhoods with the same traditional texture and architectural style, the way of dealing and social behavior of their residents with each other are still standing. Finally, considering the lower satisfaction of the residents of Hakimieh compared to Iran's neighborhood, which indicates the failure of Hakim’s renovation program in increasing these indicators, solutions for the criteria for each of the neighborhoods are provided. Future studies can first repeat this measurement in different areas of the country. Then they can focus on evaluating programs and human dignity in them: programs such as comprehensive and detailed plans, renovation programs, and other interventions.

Today, urban development is influenced more than anything else by the urban construction system, and the approved rules and regulations play a significant role in regulating urban development. In the urban communities of Iran, the rules and regulations defined in the field of urban development, unfortunately, have not been significantly effective, and this has made urban development face serious disturbances.The rules related to construction also undoubtedly have an effective role in achieving the high goals of urban planning, providing health, well-being, beauty, peace, safety and security, and complying with them while providing the aforementioned goals, improves the quality and increases the useful life of buildings. turns Rules and regulations are the means of implementing plans and programs.

The current research has been done with descriptive-analytical method and relying on library resources including documents, books and theses and articles in this field. Field survey and questionnaire data collection have also been used in this research. The statistical population in this research includes experts and university professors and urban management experts, and since this population does not have a specific number, the sample size was determined and estimated by the Cochran method (that is, the sample size is 389 people). In terms of validity, the questionnaire of this research has been met by the professors, and also in terms of reliability, using Cronbach's alpha analysis, a value of 0.88 has been obtained for it, which indicates high reliability. The collected data has been analyzed in the SPSS environment. This section included two areas of descriptive analysis and inferential analysis. In the descriptive analysis section, the characteristics of the respondents in terms of age, gender, education, etc. were discussed, and in the inferential section, t-tests, multivariate regression, and Friedman's test were used.

The results of these tests in terms of the efficiency of the criteria, which were checked using the one-sample t-test and regression, show that the value of the t-test for the components of Article 100 Commission (-18), Article 5 Commission (-15) and Article 55 Commission ( 7-) has been. Also, in the field of the commission component of Article 100, the value of the regression coefficient was 0.005, the commission of Article 5 was 0.001, and for the commission of Article 55, the value was 0.000.

In general, the results of these two tests indicate that the regulations and rules of urban planning in the field of the mentioned commissions have had the least efficiency in the existing constructions in the studied area.

This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the realization of the government's responsibility towards the welfare of the citizens, emphasizing the right to housing in the border areas of the country. The research method of the current study is descriptive-analytical, survey-type, and practical in terms of purpose. The method of collecting information is library and documents, library methods, documents, scientific databases on the Internet and data of population and housing census 2015 were used. In this research, in order to analyze the level of realizability of housing in the border provinces, TOPSIS fuzzy analysis model was used, and ARCGIS geographic information system software was used to draw the levels required for housing development in Herastan. The border provinces of the country include 16 provinces. The population of the border provinces is 3,658,3838 people, which includes 48.64% of the country's population, and the area of the border provinces is 651,319 square kilometers. The results of ranking the options with the fuzzy TOPSIS technique indicate It is that the option of durable materials has the smallest distance to the positive ideal and the highest effective weight compared to other options on the feasibility of housing in the border areas of the country. Based on the calculated weights of fuzzy TOPSIS model, the map of the required criteria was prepared and entered into ARCGIS software, and after combining the layers using the "reverse focal" method, the priority of providing housing in Harastan in order to improve the welfare of citizens living in these areas has been determined. The results of this integrated technique (TAPSIS-JAS) using the "reverse focal" method show that the provinces of Sistan and Baluchistan, Bushehr, and Hormozgan have the lowest score (the best rank) and the provinces of Mazandaran, Gilan, and East Azerbaijan. have obtained the most points (the lowest rank). Due to increasing housing prices and increasing demand, housing supply policies should be optimized according to population growth in identified areas.

In the 21st century, urban planners all over the world have concluded that paying only physical attention to the dimensions of empowering the residents of informal settlements will lead to nothing but the failure of the plans. Because the lack of a systemic and holistic view in any direction of planning, especially in urban planning, will fuel the spread of problems even more. The issue of empowering informal settlements is not an exception to this rule. Nowadays, besides paying attention to the physical and physical issues of the residents of informal settlements, social and economic issues are also analyzed. Because these two dimensions are the causes and roots of other problems of residents of car settlements. Certainly, not paying attention to the key characteristics of the economic and social components of the residents of informal settlements will fuel much wider problems in the notso-distant future. The spread of all kinds of crimes, social damage, the spread of begging, the deprivation of comfort and security of the residents, the spread of depression, the spread of psychological and emotional problems, etc. are only part of these problems. Knowing the economic and social indicators of empowering the residents of informal settlements to ease the problems and improve the capabilities of the residents of these settlements can be considered a useful and effective approach. Measuring the level of satisfaction with these indicators helps city managers with the objective and subjective aspects of empowering the residents of informal settlements to provide better services to the residents. The current research aims to measure the level of satisfaction of the residents of the informal settlement of Khalilabad, Tabriz, with the economic and social indicators of empowerment.

The current research is applied and descriptive-analytical. The research variables have been identified using library studies and to reach the research questions and hypothesis testing, information has been collected through field study and questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the research were also checked. The validity of the questionnaire was checked by the official method and its reliability was also checked using Cronbach's alpha, and its coefficient was 0.866 for the whole questionnaire. We considered 20 subindices for two social and economic indicators of empowering informal settlements. The statistical population of the research is the residents of the Khalil Abad neighborhood of Tabriz, which is estimated at 27,635 people. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size of 379 people was calculated with an error level of 5%. To achieve the main goal of the research, Friedman's test was used based on the evaluation and ranking of the level of satisfaction with the social and economic indicators of the empowerment of informal settlements among the residents of the Khalilabad neighborhood of Tabriz. To check the average dimensions of empowerment of the residents of the Khalil Abad neighborhood of Tabriz compared to the average of the society, the sample t-test test was used, and finally, to check the existence or non-existence of the relationship between the social and economic status, the Spearman test was used.

The comparison of the average of the components of the social and economic indicators of empowerment shows that the highest average (2.97) belongs to the "security" component (social index) and the lowest average (1.35) belongs to the "support of the system of local economy and marketing of small neighborhood industries" (economic index). The comparison of the average ratings shows that the highest average rating (9.58) belongs to the "security" component (social index) and which means that the social index and the "security" component are the most important indicators in the satisfaction of the residents. and have been components. After the above component, the other most important components are satisfaction with property status (8.59), nutritional status (8.41), employment status (7.34), income (01. 7/7), vitality and happiness (6/89), enjoyment of citizenship rights (6/50), trust in neighbors (6/21), property legal status (6/18), social stratification (6/14), participation official (6/11), access to employment opportunities (6/04), support for the local economic system and marketing of small neighborhood industries (5/98), access and receiving loans (5/81), savings (5/78), living expenses (5/57), being covered by a support institution (5/54), sense of belonging to a place (5/19), informal participation (5/08) and finally life expectancy (4/94). The table below shows statistical significance. The chi-square value obtained is 867.972, which is at the level of error less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Friedman's test shows that the importance of the mentioned components in connection with the economic and social empowerment of the residents of Khalilabad informal settlement of Tabriz was different. (df=19=P=0.05, chi square=867/972).

Results of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between two social and economic indicators, and the type of relationship was direct and positive. To the evaluation of the resident's satisfaction with the two components "sense of belonging" (social index) and "employment status" (economic index), it can be said that the satisfaction level of both mentioned components is in a lower state compared to the average. And finally, the results of measuring the economic and social components of empowering the informal settlement of Khalilabad, Tabriz indicated that the components of "security" and "hope for life" with averages of 9.58 and 4.94 respectively They have the highest and lowest ratings among the components of the social index, and also the components of "satisfaction with the property status" and "being covered by a support institution" with the averages of 8.59 and 5.54, respectively, have the highest And they have the lowest rank among the components of the economic index.

The consumption of fossil fuels has caused increasing environmental problems and replacing them with renewable energies is one of the necessities of today's world. The purpose of this research is to identify and investigate the climate components of Kashan in order to provide climate-friendly house design solutions that will reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and replace renewable energies. The spatial scope of the research is Kashan and the time span is 2007 to 2019. The research method is descriptive and analytical. This study is innovative because of the analysis of climatic components for Kashan and the presentation of a mixed table and some solutions that are specific to Kashan. The results of this research are expressed in two areas: the explanation of the climatic components of Kashan and its comparison with the past, and practical solutions to achieve climate-friendly architecture.