Fiefs in Mazandaran during The Qajar Period (1795-1925)

To investigate the policy, methods and development of tyul farming in Mazandaran during the Qajar period and its results.

It is written with a historical method and descriptive analytical method using archival documents and library sources.

Based on the requirements of the province's foreign and domestic policy, in the first half of the 13th century AH, the Qajar government considered the policy of halalization of the lands of Mazandaran in order to transfer the land to individuals in the form of tiwals, in addition to the provincial military force and the like. To achieve goals such as providing security in the northern borders of the country as well as in Mazandaran as a special region in the north of Iran, but in the second half of this century, due to the reduction of the government's ability to supervise the tyuls, the rural economy in Mazandaran was damaged. In order to solve its financial problems, the government had adopted the policy of restoring and selling pure land and handed it over to the owners of the property at the beginning of the work, which was very effective in expanding private ownership, but the deterioration of the land continued until the return of property. Which should often be recorded by the government when reciting the Khalsa of Mazandaran. This issue was related to the position of the Khalsa and the owners of the Tiul and the performance of the Ministry of Finance, which in Mazandaran faced consequences such as usurpation of the Khalsa lands with fake decrees and the delay and improper implementation of the law on the return of the Tiul. Therefore, the lack of supervision and security in this type of agricultural land exploitation policy caused a destructive effect on the growth of the rural economy. One of the most important results of this process was the expansion of private property and the change in the social conditions of farmers in Mazandaran in the 14th lunar century.