The Child-To-Parent Violence: A Study of Antecedents and Consequences

Despite psychological and educational interventions and increasing social awareness, referrals to counseling centers have increased due to child –to- parent violence. Child –to- parent violence is one of the characteristics of today's modern society. This research was aimed to analyzing the concept of child –to- parent violence and explaining its antecedents and consequences.

This research was a qualitative study that investigated the dimensions, antecedents and consequences of Child –To- Parent Violence using thematic analysis. The study population was people who experienced violence by children and contacted the social emergency center. Sampling was done purposefully and with the convenience method. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview. The Brown and Clark method was used in data analysis. To ensure and trustworthiness of the qualitative findings, external audit, long-term involvement in the data, peer check, and participant respondent were used. Data analysis was done using Atlas/Ti 8 software.

91 primary or open codes were extracted from qualitative data analysis. From the categories of concepts, 22 sub-themes, 7 main sub-themes and 2 final themes were identified. The antecedents, i.e., the factors affecting parental abuse in the form of 4 main sub-themes of incompatibility with parents, broken or disturbed family, socio-economic determinants and abusive parental supervision. The consequences of parental abuse consisted of 3 main themes of family limitations, parental insecurity and finally disappointed children.

Research, policy, and intervention responses have focused exclusively on adult behavior rather than violence within families. For a better understanding of this form of violence in families, it is suggested to teach life skills and anger control for teenagers and adult children according to the conventional social and cultural assumptions regarding the reduction of parental abuse. The use of national and religious capacities in relation to respecting parents and deepening educational teachings can lead to a reduction.