مجله سبک زندگی اسلامی با محوریت سلامت
سال هفتم شماره 2 (پیاپی 34، تابستان 1402)

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the parenting package based on the healthy human theory with the positive parenting program on parenting stress and psychological capital of mothers of 6-12-year-old children with extrinsic behavioral disorders.

The research method was a three-group-three-stage experimental design and the statistical population included all mothers of 6-12-year-old children suffering from externalizing behavioral disorders in Tehran in the first half of 1401, who referred to elementary schools and counseling and psychology centers in Tehran and using From them, 45 people were selected from targeted sampling and randomly divided into three groups (15 people for each group). To collect information, parenting stress (Abidin, 1983) and psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2010) questionnaires were used. Experimental group 1 was trained by the researcher-made parenting package based on the healthy human theory, and experimental group 2 underwent positive parenting training during 8 90-minute sessions. The data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measure and Bonferroni post hoc tests by following the default tests with the statistical package of social science version 22.

The obtained results showed that both parenting package interventions based on healthy human theory and positive parenting had a significant effect on increasing the psychological capital and on decreasing the stress of parenting in the parents with a child with extrinsic behavioral disorders in the post-test phase, and the treatment effects remained in the follow-up phase. Also, comparing the two treatment methods, the results showed that the parenting package based on the healthy human theory was more effective in improving parenting self-agency in the follow-up phase (p≥0.05). Also, comparing the two treatment methods, the results showed that the parenting package based on the healthy human theory was more effective in improving the psychological capital in the follow-up phase.

The findings of this research provide useful information regarding the education of mothers, and psychologists and counselors can use these interventions in order to improve the psychological capital and reduce the stress and tension of mothers with children with externalizing behavioral disorders.

The purpose of this research was to develop a structural model of psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine doctors based on dysfunctional attitudes, interpersonal cognitive distortions, and defensive styles with the mediation of emotion regulation.

The present research method was a correlational description. The statistical population of the research included all emergency medicine doctors working in Tehran hospitals in 1400, from which 380 people were selected by multi-stage sampling method (cluster and census). In this research, among the tools of the psychological vulnerability symptoms checklist (Najarian and Davoudi, 2018), dysfunctional attitudes (Weisman and Beck, 1978), interpersonal cognitive distortions (Hamachi and Boyokuzterek, 2004), defense styles questionnaire (Anders and colleagues, 1993) and emotion regulation (Garnefsky and Kraij, 2006) were used. In order to analyze the data, Lisrel-V8.8 software was used. Also, in order to analyze the research data, structural equation modeling method was used.

The research findings showed that the research model has a good fit. Also, the results showed that dysfunctional attitudes have an indirect effect on the psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine doctors with the mediating role of emotion regulation. There is an indirect effect between interpersonal cognitive distortion and psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine physicians with the mediating role of emotion regulation. There is an indirect effect between defense styles and psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine doctors with the mediating role of emotion regulation. There is a direct effect between dysfunctional attitudes and psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine physicians. There is a direct effect between cognitive distortions and psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine doctors. There is a direct effect between defense styles and psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine doctors. There is a direct effect between emotion regulation and psychological vulnerability of emergency medicine doctors. There is a direct effect between dysfunctional attitudes and emotion regulation of emergency medicine physicians. There is a direct effect between cognitive distortions and emotion regulation of emergency medicine physicians. There is a direct effect between defense styles and emotion regulation of emergency medicine physicians.

According to the results of the present study, health professionals and therapists can reduce the level of psychological vulnerability in emergency medicine doctors by reducing dysfunctional attitudes, interpersonal cognitive distortions, and underdeveloped and neurotic defensive styles and increasing the cognitive regulation of emotions. to improve

The purpose of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of drug therapy on reducing attention deficit symptoms in children with ADHD.

The research method was semi-experimental in the form of a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and was cross-sectional in terms of practical purpose and in terms of time. The statistical population studied in this research were 7-12-year-old boys suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Qom city, who had referred to learning disorders centers and psychiatric centers in the first semester of the academic year 2001-2001. In this study, children were randomly divided into 2 experimental and control groups. All samples were included in the study after the psychiatrist interviewed the child and his family and obtained written consent. The clinical interview data collection tool was based on the diagnostic criteria derived from DSM-5 and the children's morbid symptoms questionnaire was one of the common screening tools for psychiatric disorders. To analyze the data, multivariate covariance test was used to test the hypotheses and control the effect of the pre-test.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between drug therapy in reducing the symptoms of attention deficit in children with ADHD and the control group, and with 95% confidence, attention deficit in children with ADHD in the experimental group has improved compared to the control group.

Therefore, it can be said that therapists should choose and implement treatment models that are appropriate to the problems they face more scientifically and achieve better and more reliable results according to their specialty.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the components of marriage counseling based on the methods and marriage counseling based on the theory of intergenerational integration of Bowen's theory and the constructivist theory of Savikas career counseling theory (constructivist premarital counseling).

The environment of this research was all the texts in the field of the mentioned theory. The method of selecting the texts was among the texts of Bowen's intergenerational family therapy theory and Savika’s career counseling theory in the range of years (2013-2022). The criterion of the number of texts was based on the principle of data saturation. The method of collecting information was line by line study of texts, based on questions related to relevant components for premarital counseling in these two theories. The data obtained from the review of the texts were analyzed using the traditional content analysis method of Heish and Shannon (2005).

The results of the content analysis showed that in the constructivist theory of Savikas, the concept of life designning and the concepts derived from it are suitable for matching with premarital counseling, and in the intergenerational theory, the seven concepts of self-differentiation, family projection, nuclear family emotional system, emotional breakdown, intergenerational transfer process and social regression are suitable for marriage counseling. Then, these concepts were combined according to Yousefi's and Golparvar’s method (2023) for theoretical integration, and finally the premarital counseling model was designed based on the integrated model.

  In general, according to the process of extracting this model, it can be said that this model is qualitatively valid and can be evaluated at the level of designing an educational package and testing the variabels related to marriage.

  This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of training cognitive and metacognitive strategies on academic motivation and academic engagement of students with specific learning disorders in Hamedan.

The current research was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in nature with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population in this research consisted of all male primary school students referred to the education counseling center who were diagnosed with a specific learning disorder. The sample members in this research were randomly replaced in the form of a control group and an experimental group, each with the number of 15 people among the people who met the criteria for entering this research. Harter's Academic Motivation Questionnaire (1981) was used to evaluate the subjects' academic motivation, and Zareng's Conflict Questionnaire (2011) was used to evaluate the academic engagement. Cognitive and metacognitive strategy training was provided in ten 60-minute sessions based on the cognitive and metacognitive strategy training program (Palsinkar and Brown, 1984). Multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the hypotheses.

The results showed that the effect of cognitive and metacognitive educational strategy training on increasing academic motivation and academic engagement was significant.

According to the findings of the research, it seems that teaching cognitive and metacognitive educational strategies have played an important role in increasing academic motivation and academic engagement.

Considering the importance of intergenerational social mobility in women, the present research was conducted with the aim of Explanation social mobility of women based on the social capital components.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was women of Arak city in 2021 year with number 17,496 people, which based on the Cochran formula the sample size was determined 379 people who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research tools were included the demographic information form and researcher-made questionnaires of intergenerational social mobility and social capital, which whose face validity was confirmed by the opinion of experts and the reliability of both questionnaires was calculated with using Cronbach's alpha method 0.74. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and regression in SPSS software.

The findings showed that social capital(r=557/0) and   its two components including access to general skill resources (r=464/0) and, acces s  to individual support resources (r=641/0) had a positive and significant relationship with intergenerational social mobility of women (P<0.001) but acces s  toentrep reneurial resources (084/0r=)didn’t have significant relationship with intergenerational social mobility of women.

According to the findings of this research,in order to increase the intergenerational social mobility of women can be provided the ground for the improvement and promotion of social capital and its components.

Diabetic elderly people face with many problems including increased perceived stress and chronic pain and reduced treatment adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress, chronic pain and treatment adherence in diabetic elderly.

This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was consisted of elderly diabetics who referred to the health centers of Rafsanjan, which 30 people of whom were selected as a sample after reviewing the inclusion criteria and randomly were replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes the acceptance and commitment therapy based on the protocol of Vowles et al (2007) and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools were included Cohen et al.'s perceived stress questionnaire (1983), Melzak's pain questionnaire (1975), and Toobert and Glasgow's diabetes self-care activities questionnaire (1994). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance test in SPSS version 25 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of all three variables of perceived stress, chronic pain and treatment adherence in diabetic elderly. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced perceived stress and chronic pain and increased treatment adherence in diabetic elderly (P<0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, health professionals and therapists can use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other treatment methods to reduce perceived stress and chronic pain and increase treatment adherence in vulnerable groups including the diabetic elderly.

Despite psychological and educational interventions and increasing social awareness, referrals to counseling centers have increased due to child –to- parent violence. Child –to- parent violence is one of the characteristics of today's modern society. This research was aimed to analyzing the concept of child –to- parent violence and explaining its antecedents and consequences.

This research was a qualitative study that investigated the dimensions, antecedents and consequences of Child –To- Parent Violence using thematic analysis. The study population was people who experienced violence by children and contacted the social emergency center. Sampling was done purposefully and with the convenience method. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview. The Brown and Clark method was used in data analysis. To ensure and trustworthiness of the qualitative findings, external audit, long-term involvement in the data, peer check, and participant respondent were used. Data analysis was done using Atlas/Ti 8 software.

91 primary or open codes were extracted from qualitative data analysis. From the categories of concepts, 22 sub-themes, 7 main sub-themes and 2 final themes were identified. The antecedents, i.e., the factors affecting parental abuse in the form of 4 main sub-themes of incompatibility with parents, broken or disturbed family, socio-economic determinants and abusive parental supervision. The consequences of parental abuse consisted of 3 main themes of family limitations, parental insecurity and finally disappointed children.

Research, policy, and intervention responses have focused exclusively on adult behavior rather than violence within families. For a better understanding of this form of violence in families, it is suggested to teach life skills and anger control for teenagers and adult children according to the conventional social and cultural assumptions regarding the reduction of parental abuse. The use of national and religious capacities in relation to respecting parents and deepening educational teachings can lead to a reduction.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of parents' communication skills training on the high-risk behaviors of first year students in Borujerd city.

The current research is of an applied type and in terms of the method used, it is a semi-experimental type of research with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study will include all parents with teenagers aged 13 to 18 years in the 1th district of Borujerd in 2019. The sampling method will be voluntary and accessible. For this purpose, 45 parents and their children, who have the conditions to participate in parent communication skills training sessions, were randomly selected in three groups: experiment 1 (15 people), experiment 2 (15 people) and control. (15 people) were replaced. In order to collect data, Iranian adolescents' risk-taking scale by Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2013) and communication skills training protocol were used. Two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of SPSS-24 software were used to analyze the obtained data.

The results showed that teaching communication skills is effective in reducing high-risk behaviors of male students.

Factors resulting from experiencing risky behaviors such as experiencing at least one tendency to risky behaviors even if it is for fun and entertainment. Researchers and planners recommend that in addition to taking care of all children and adolescents and teaching communication skills to adolescents who are at risk to pay more attention.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of group dialectical behavior therapy and compassion-based therapy on social isolation of divorced women.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and based on the method of data collection, it was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test or control group design. The statistical population included all divorced women who referred to counseling centers in the second district of Tehran in 2013-2014, and from three counseling centers voluntarily and available, 45 people were selected as a statistical sample, and 15 people were randomly assigned In the first experimental group of group dialectical behavior therapy, 15 people were in the second experimental group of compassion-based therapy and 15 people were in the control group. The data collection tools were 10 sessions of group dialectical behavior therapy, 8 sessions of compassion-based therapy and Russell's Social Isolation Questionnaire (UCLA). Also, analysis of covariance and SPSS 24 software were used for data analysis.

The results of the research showed that both compassion-based therapy and group dialectical therapy had a significant effect on the variable of social isolation of divorced women. Of course, compassion-based therapy has been better and more effective than group dialectical behavior therapy in reducing social isolation.

As a result, compassion-based therapy and dialectical therapy can be considered effective methods to reduce the social isolation of divorced women.

The purpose of writing this article is to explain epistemology from the point of view of Sohrvardi Aref and extract hints and educational points based on his epistemological views.

The research method is content analysis, and based on this, first, epistemology is introduced from the perspective of Sohrvardi Aref, and then educational points are adapted from his opinions and thoughts.

Suhrvardi considers true knowledge to be the result of ecstasy and heart's taste and intuitive understanding, which is not possible except through cultivation and refinement, divine providence and following the Sharia. In his opinion, going through the knowledge of al-Iqin and Ain al-Iqin is the ultimate limit of knowledge and it is necessary to reach the right of al-Iqin. Education and training based on this type of epistemology, along with education, requires human development according to his natural and heart dimension. In such a way that it leads a person to self-knowledge and self-perception, so that he knows his faults and virtues and fixes or cultivates them.

According to this type of epistemology, personal and inner experience plays an important role in learning.

The present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the elements of the curriculum in multi-grade classes of the elementary school.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose and also qualitative in terms of the type of data, which has been used by the method of meta-combination of doses. The studied community included the theoretical foundations and relevant background of domestic (1401-1391) and foreign (2023-2013) databases. The sample size was based on the systematic elimination method based on the flow diagram of the prism model and the purposeful sampling method. The data collection tool in the research was library documents. In order to calculate the validity of a checklist of 27 items based on the prism model, and to calculate the reliability of the Cohen's kappa coefficient method, the results indicated the validity and reliability of the tool. The method of data analysis was thematic analysis (basic, inclusive and organizing themes).

The findings showed that the elements of the curriculum of multi-grade classes in the elementary school include logic, purpose, content, learning methods, teacher, materials and resources, comprehensive, time, place and evaluation methods.

Finally, based on the identified themes, a network of themes was drawn.

The purpose of the present study was the effectiveness of Islamic cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on early incompatible schemas, marital satisfaction and trust in young couples.

The present study was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The statistical population of this research included all the couples who referred to Omid and Pendar counseling centers in Arak city in 2018, 16 couples were selected by the available sampling method and 8 couples were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The research tools are Yang's short-form questionnaire of early maladaptive schemas (Yang, 1998), marital satisfaction questionnaire (Jadiri and Jan-Zargi, 2016) and trust questionnaire (Rempel and Holmes, 2001), with the method of multivariate covariance analysis. and SPSS 26 software were analyzed.

The results showed that group training for couples based on Islamic cognitive-behavioral couple therapy was effective in the initial incompatible schemas of young couples. and had a significant difference with the control group at the error level of 0.05. Also, the results showed the effectiveness of Islamic cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on marital satisfaction. Also, no significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups on the marital trust of young couples.

According to the results, Islamic cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used in the design of programs related to the improvement of couples' relationships as a local intervention suitable for Iranian-Islamic culture, especially in improving the initial incompatible schemas of couples and marital satisfaction.

The main purpose of this research was the effectiveness of therapy based on allegorical schema modes on chronic mood disorders and difficulty in regulating emotions of therapists.

Considering the main and fundamental goals of the current research, the research method used is practical according to the purpose and is semi-experimental in terms of the type of data. The statistical population of the present study consists of psychotherapists in the 3rd district of Tehran who were engaged in therapeutic work between December 1400 and December 1401. Sampling method and design were available as sampling. To select the sample size according to the research method, 15 people were selected for each group. The content of the treatment sessions of allegorical schema modes was about 10 to 12 treatment sessions. In order to evaluate the research variables, Bromz's 32-question mood questionnaire (Lin et al., 2007) was the difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaire by Gratz and Romer (2004). Analysis of covariance and t-test of two independent groups were used to analyze the data.

Based on the findings of the present research, the findings show that the F level of the effect of the allegorical schema modes treatment on the variables of tension, vitality, relaxation and happiness was significant.

The F rate of the effect of the treatment of allegorical schema modes on the variables of depression, tension, fatigue and confusion was not significant.

with the advancement of technology and the development of the fourth generation industry on the one hand and the movement of organizations towards earning money from the economy of knowledge management and on the other hand, companies are moving towards progress; The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation in relief organizations.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive-survey type. The statistical community, this research includes all the experts and managers who work in aid organizations, there are 450 people, the Morgan table was used to determine the sample size and 210 people were selected and the questionnaire was distributed among them in a simple random manner. To determine the validity of the questionnaires, the content validity method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed that the data collection tool has high reliability.

Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data in order to check the validity of the questionnaire from confirmatory factor analysis and to check the research hypotheses from structural equation modeling using the structural equation modeling method (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3 software was used.

 Coclusions:

 Finally, the hypotheses of the research were examined and suggestions and solutions were presented to improve and enhance the mutual effect of knowledge management on innovation in aid organizations. The coefficient of the path between the variable of knowledge management and innovation is 0.613, and the t-statistic is 12.987. The results showed that the dimensions of knowledge management, which include knowledge from the customer; Knowledge for the customer and knowledge about the customer affects innovation.

The present study was conducted with the effectiveness of reality therapy on rumination and emotional expression in patients with multiple sclerosis in Shiraz.

The statistical population of this research includes all patients with M. S. In the city of Shiraz in 1401, their diagnosis was confirmed by a neurologist based on McDonald's 2017 criteria. After identifying patients with MS. 30 people who met the criteria for entering the research were selected purposefully and randomly and in equal numbers were placed in an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group underwent reality therapy sessions during 8 sessions of 90 minutes. During this period, the control group remained waiting without receiving any intervention. The main data of this research was obtained using Nolenhoeksma and Maro (1991) rumination questionnaires and King and Emmons (1962) emotional expressiveness questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (variance analysis with repeated measurements) were used in data analysis.

The results of the research indicated that reality therapy was effective on emotional expression and rumination in patients with multiple sclerosis in Shiraz. According to the obtained results, it can be said that group reality therapy is significantly effective in emotional expression and rumination of MS patients.

Therefore, it is suggested that this method of treatment be implemented in MS associations across the country as a non-pharmacological complementary treatment to improve emotional expression and rumination and, as a result, cope with the disease more.

This article is dedicated to the description and expansion of the concept of interactive education with emphasis on describing and explaining the essence and philosophical nature of science in the framework of the four dimensions of "cognitive knowledge", "cognitive knowledge", "cognitive methodology" and "cognitive value".

The research method was descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information was documentary (library). What is concluded as the result of the research is that the index of "positive correlation", "individual responsibility", "face-to-face interaction (reciprocal action)", "social skills", "group processing", "interactive learning process", The planning phase, the implementation phase, and the evaluation phase crystallize and operationalize themselves as interactive teaching techniques in science teaching.

Based on the four dimensions of ontological, epistemological, methodological and cognitive value of the nature of science for science education, it was concluded that the learner is responsible for his own learning and based on the single strategy of experience, discovery, problem solving and individual thinking makes independent learning effective. He bases new learning on previous knowledge and by choosing appropriate strategies, he monitors learning and fulfills his learning expectations and goals.

based on action, a person reaches knowledge, therefore, the learning process is more important than the subject of learning. The responsible teacher builds the knowledge architecture by simulating life situations to promote analogical, inductive, lateral, critical, exploratory and problem-solving thinking.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of schema therapy on Ambivalence in emotional expression and Mentalization in Patients with borderline personality disorder in Shiraz city in 2019.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with control and follow-up groups. The statistical population of the research was made up of all people with borderline personality disorder who referred to counseling centers in Shiraz, and among them, 50 people were randomly selected in the experimental group (25 people in each group) and the control group ( 25 people) were appointed. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 60 minutes using schema therapy and the control group remained on the waiting list. The tools used in this research include borderline personality questionnaire (Claridge and Brooks, 1984), ambivalence in emotional expression (King and Emmons, 1990) and mentalization (Fonagy, 1991) to were rejected (Downey and Feldman, 1996). The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaire was carried out in two descriptive and inferential parts (variance analysis with repeated measurements).

The results showed that schema therapy training has an effect on the components of ambivalence in emotional expression (positive emotion expression, intimacy expression and negative emotion expression) of people with borderline personality disorder. Schema therapy training has an effect on the mentalization of people with borderline personality disorder.

According to the findings of the present study, schema therapy can be suggested as an effective method to improve ambivalence in emotional expression and mentalization of patients with borderline personality disorder.

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of psychoeducation in positive mania on self-efficacy of pain and stress after the accident of 15-17-year-old female students who have recovered from the first peak of the Corona epidemic (COVID-19) in Zabul city.

The statistical population is all secondary school female students of Zabul city in the academic year of 2013-2014. Due to the closure of schools, virtual education was used. It is a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population is all secondary school female students of the city of Zabul, and using a multi-stage cluster sampling method, 32 students who have recovered from the first peak of the Corona pandemic were selected. and two experimental groups (16 people) and control group (16 people) were randomly selected. Pre-test was performed in all groups and positive psychotherapy trainings were given to the experimental group. The post-test was done for all groups. Pain self-efficacy (PSEQ) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL) questionnaires were administered in the pre-test and post-test. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of covariance was used.

In general, the results of data analysis showed that positive-oriented psychotherapy training did not affect the automatic increase of pain in 15-17 year old female students who recovered from the first peak of the corona epidemic.

This training had an effect on the post-traumatic stress of these students. The post-traumatic stress of the students who were trained in positive-oriented psychotherapy was significantly reduced compared to the subjects of the control group.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of developing a causal model of emotional self-awareness of mothers of elementary school students in Tehran based on attachment styles and perfectionism with the mediating role of self-efficacy.

The current research is one of structural equation studies. The statistical population of the research included all the mothers of primary school children who referred to the counseling centers of the link between education and training in Tehran province in 2021. Among these, the data of 331 people were collected and analyzed in the form of multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tools include self-representation and insight questionnaire (SRIS), (emotional self-awareness) (Grant et al., 2002), Collins and Reed (1996) Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (RAAS), Scherer General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1982) (GSES) and Hill et al.'s (2004) perfectionism questionnaire was (PI). Data were analyzed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software. The fit indices indicate the good fit of the proposed model with the data.

The findings showed that secure attachment style (β=0.371) and self-efficacy (β=0.503) had a significant direct effect on emotional self-awareness, and insecure/avoidant attachment style (β=-0.611) had a significant effect on emotional self-awareness. It has a significant and opposite effect. Also, self-efficacy showed a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure attachment style (β=0.307), insecure/ambivalent attachment style (β=-0.193) and positive perfectionism (β=0.127) with emotional self-awareness. It did not show a significant mediating role in the relationship between negative perfectionism and emotional self-awareness.

Psychologists' attention to the role of these variables can play an effective and preventive role in improving the emotional self-awareness of mothers of primary school students.

In this article, the image presented of Jesus Christ (PBUH) in the prayers of the book of Augustine Confessions as an example of prayer in Christianity with the image presented by the Prophet of Islam in the Sajjadiyya scripture attributed to Imam Sajjad (PBUH) as an example of prayer in Islam Is compared. In this article, the text of two study books and phrases that describe the prophets are compared analytically. The result indicates that it is important to use common themes in depicting the faces of the prophets Augustine and Imam Sajjad (AS), while both authors use the Bible and the Qur'an about Jesus and the Prophet (PBUH), the most frequent common The theme includes the portrayal of an intercessor, savior, and benefactor of Jesus Christ (PBUH) and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). Perhaps the most similarity in the description of the prophets in depicting the sacrifice of the Prophet (PBUH) and also Jesus (AS) is in the two books. This is also seen in Augustine's descriptions. In fact, the basis of this article is based on two main adaptations and two sub-adaptations. The difference in presenting the image of the prophets is the image that is presented in the context of the position of the two prophets. Imam Sajjad portrayed the Prophet (PBUH) from the position of a servant and servant of God and Augustine Jesus Christ (AS) from the position of God.

Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system, which is associated with demyelination of neurons. The disability caused by multiple sclerosis affects the efficiency and mental health of these patients. The current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of schema therapy and mindfulness technique on sleep disorders of people with multiple sclerosis. Based on the purpose, the current research was of applied type.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population of the study was all people with MS in Tehran. To form the experimental and control groups using the purposeful sampling method, people present in the MS Association were selected based on the pre-test score in each of the variables and randomly replaced in three groups including two experimental groups and one control group (each group of 15 people). The standard questionnaire of the Petersburg sleep quality index was used to measure the research variables. Mindfulness therapy training sessions according to the protocol of Bayer (2006), and schema therapy according to the protocol proposed by Yang et al. (2003) were conducted by the researcher in 8 consecutive weeks for the experimental groups in 8 sessions, one session each week and each session lasting 90 minutes.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the effect of schema therapy and mindfulness technique on the dimensions of sleep disorders (mental quality of sleep, delay in falling asleep, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, use of sleeping pills, functional disorders ) is significant at the level (p<0.05).

Also, the results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two approaches of schema therapy and mindfulness technique in terms of the effect on sleep disorders of people with multiple sclerosis and mindfulness technique compared to schema therapy in people with the disease. Multiple sclerosis is more effective.

This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the tactics of imaging management and its impact on citizenship and anti-citizenship behaviors in Mazandaran educational institutions in order to provide a model.

The current applied research was conducted with a mixed approach (qualitative and quantitative research method) and an exploratory design. In the qualitative part of the research, 20 experts, specialists and experts in the field of educational management in education departments were selected as participants, in order to select people with managerial experience, organizational position and education related to the subject of the research and a history of study and research in The field of the current research is located, after checking the criteria for entering the study, the samples were selected using the purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to collect data in the qualitative part, the questions of which were prepared based on theoretical foundations with the help of professors, based on which image management tactics and the components of citizenship and anti-citizen behaviors were identified and three questionnaires of image management tactics. , citizenship behavior and anti-citizen behavior are made. The statistical population in the quantitative section is 1,660 employees of the Department of Education of Mazandaran province. Using Cochran's formula, 340 employees of education departments of Mazandaran province were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. To measure the conceptual model in a quantitative way, a researcher-made questionnaire with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82 was distributed among the employees of the education departments of Mazandaran province.

The results of the questionnaire were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation testing with SPSS and AMOS software. The results of the research show that image management has 8 tactics (1- defensive tactics, 2- offensive tactics, 3. upward influence tactics, 4. verbal tactics, 5. non-verbal tactics, 6. boss-oriented tactics, 7. self-oriented tactics and 8. work-oriented tactics) and citizenship behaviors with 10 components (1. altruism, 2. social etiquette, 3. conscience, 4. chivalry, 5. personal development, 6. civil behavior, 7. politeness and consideration, 8. conscientiousness , 9. Initiatives and 10. Adherence to ethical principles) and anti-citizen behaviors with 7 components (1. Organizational misconduct, 2. Non-functional behavior, 3. Antisocial behavior, 4. Absenteeism and cheating, 5. Conflict with avoiding work, 6. aggression at work and 7. unfavorable behavior) were identified.

Also, the results showed: 1- performance priority among the tactics of image management, the highest priority is related to the self-centered tactic variable and the lowest priority is related to non-verbal tactics, and among the components of organizational citizenship behavior, the highest priority is related to the variable of adherence to ethical principles and the lowest priority Among the components of organizational anti-citizenship behavior, the priority is related to undesired behavior and the lowest priority is related to organizational misconduct. 2-Imagination management tactics have a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational anti-citizenship behavior. 3- The fit indices of the main model such as CFI and IFI are all acceptable and suitable.

Having a child with autism spectrum disorder causes many problems for the mothers of these children, including decrease in resilience and life expectancy. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of assertiveness training and logo therapy training on resilience and life expectancy in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder.

The current research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The research population consisted of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran city in the academic years 2022-2023, which number of 60 people of them were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to three equal groups. Each of the experimental groups underwent assertiveness training and logo therapy training in 8 sessions of 2 hour, separately and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The data were collected with the resilience scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and life expectancy questionnaire (Miller JF, Powers, 1988) and were analyzed with the methods of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.

The analyzes showed that both methods of assertiveness training and logo therapy training in compared to the control group increased resilience and life expectancy in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder, and the results were maintained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of assertiveness training and logo therapy training in increasing their life expectancy (P>0.05), but the effectiveness of logo therapy training method in compared to the assertiveness training method was higher in increasing their resilience (P>0.001).

Considering the difference in the effectiveness of methods of assertiveness training and logo therapy training on resilience and life expectancy in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder, counselors and therapists can use the more effective method, means logo therapy training for their psychological interventions.

The current research was conducted with the aim of applying the entrepreneurship model of future research in the era of metaverse in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology. In terms of purpose, this research was applied, and in terms of method, it was carried out in two phases, in the category of qualitative data research of the Foundation and of the exploratory type. In the first phase, at the beginning, while studying the research literature, 17 in-depth and semi-structured interviews using theoretical targeted sampling (including 8 faculty members and 9 managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology) required data that are as saturated as possible. They were collected. In order to analyze the data collected from the interviews, based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, it was analyzed in three stages of open, central and selective coding. At the end, a summary of the formalized model was presented to 4 professors, and their opinions were collected for correction and adjustment, and to evaluate the reliability of the data, the criteria of the Foundation's data theory including comprehensibility, compatibility, controllability, and generality. Strauss and Corbin (2008) carefully reviewed. In the second phase, the results of the analysis were compiled in the form of a questionnaire, and the first stage of Delphi was conducted on 15 people, and by calculating Kendall's agreement coefficient of 0.564, the number of 15 components was eliminated. Then, the second and third stages of Delphi were conducted on 15 and 12 experts, respectively. Considering that the significance coefficient for all components was less than 5%, no component was removed in the second and third stage of Delphi, and Kendall's coefficient of agreement was calculated as 0.600 and 0.788 respectively, which indicates a strong consensus in It is between the members. Finally, the research model was compiled with 47 sub-categories and 19 main categorical propositions in the form of 6 dimensions of the paradigm model.

The purpose of this research was to model the relationship between suicidal tendencies based on primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits with the mediating role of self-efficacy and meaning of life in Gachsaran teenagers.

The research method was correlational. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the teenagers of Gachsaran city in the academic year of 1400-1401, in the number of 10300 people, and 380 people were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling. The research tools were suicide tendency questionnaire (Mehrabi, 2019), primary maladaptive schemas questionnaire (Yang, 1998), neo personality characteristics questionnaire (Costa and McCree, 1985), self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al., 1982) and meaning of life questionnaire (Steger, 2010). Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.

The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits with suicidal tendencies (p<0.05), but there is no direct and meaningful relationship between some primary maladaptive schemas and personality traits with self-efficacy and the meaning of life (p<0.05). Also, the indirect paths of early maladaptive schemas and personality traits with suicidal tendencies with the mediating role of self-efficacy and meaning of life were significant (p<0.05).

Based on the results of this research, the proposed model has a suitable fit. The results of this study can be consolidated and expanded using longitudinal, comparative and experimental researches.

In order to know the results of its performance in dynamic environments, every organization needs to establish proper performance control and evaluation systems. The purpose of this research is to determine the state of efficiency of municipalities based on the effect of cultural intelligence of employees and managers of municipalities in the north of Khuzestan province on job performance using DEA linear programming model. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research will be experts and managers of municipalities in North Khuzestan. The statistical sample was 90 experts and managers of the municipalities of North Khuzestan, who were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tools are two standard cultural intelligence questionnaires, Ang et al. (2004) and Alirezaei et al. job performance questionnaire (2012). Finally, it was concluded that the units of Shush, Dezful; Lali, Izeh and Suleiman Mosque are working and other units are not working.

The hybrid learning is a combination of traditional and electronic learning which in it the best mode of face-to-face and electronic classes is chosen by the learner. Therefore, the aim of this study was identifying the dimensions and components of hybrid learning in the second period of high school education.

The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of synthesis. The research population was all the articles related to hybrid learning from 2010 year until now (60 articles), which among them number of 20 articles were selected as samples with a purposive method. Data were collected by taking notes from articles and analyzed by coding.

The findings showed that hybrid learning in the second period of high school education had 38 indicators in 12 components and 4 dimensions; So that the dimensions were included pedagogical (with three components of teacher, curriculum and comprehensive), technological (with three components of technology knowledge, technology skill and technology attitude), psychological (with three components of emotion, cognition, and metacognition) and education quality (with three components of input quality, process quality and output quality).

According to the recognition of the dimensions and components of hybrid learning in the second period of high school education, it is possible to provide the ground for the realization of hybrid learning in education through the improvement and implementation of the identified dimensions and components.

The evidence shows that contrary to the increasing trend of household headship by women, their quality and social well-being has not improved and this has fueled the occurrence and escalation of personal and social problems and injuries; Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of group meaning therapy training in social well-being and quality of life of women heads of households.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The research population consisted of female heads of households covered by the Karaj District Relief Committee in the second six months of 2022, 30 people were selected using the available sampling method and were randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The data collection tool was Keyes and Magyarmo (2003) social well-being questionnaires and World Health Organization (2000) quality of life questionnaires. Eight sessions of group meaning therapy were held for the experimental group, but the group did not receive a training certificate. To analyze the data, univariate analysis of covariance was used with the help of SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the post-test scores of social well-being and quality of life of the two experimental and control groups, and group meaning therapy had a positive effect on the experimental group (P<0.01).

The findings of this research potentially have important practical implications for specialists and therapists to pay special attention to the training of meaning therapy in the way of helping women heads of households.

psychological distress is associated with unpleasant mental states such as depression, anxiety and stress, on the other hand, psychological hardiness is a person's ability to successfully deal with adverse conditions and remain healthy Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of spiritual therapy on psychological hardiness and psychological distress of students.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population included all ninth grade male students of Tankabon city in the academic year of 2022-2023, out of which 30 people were selected using the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The data collection tools were the questionnaires of psychological hardiness by Kiamerei et al. (2007) and psychological distress by Kessler et al. (2002). The experimental group received spiritual skills training in 8 sessions of 60 minutes for two months, but the control group did not receive any training and were placed on the waiting list. To analyze the data, the statistical test of univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance was used with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that spiritual therapy had a significant effect on psychological hardiness and psychological distress of students (P<0.01); And it has led to the improvement of psychological well-being and reduction of psychological distress of students.

Based on the results, spiritual therapy can be used as an efficient method to increase psychological hardiness and reduce psychological distress of students.

It is necessary to identify the antecedents and influencing factors on students' capacity to deal with academic challenges and obstacles that cause academic engagement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cognitive assessment and epistemological curiosity in predicting academic engagement in students.

The current research was descriptive of the correlation type. The studied population included all female students of the second year of high school in two districts of Baharestan in the academic year of 2021-2022. Based on the table of krejcie & Morgan (1971), 320 students were selected to volunteer to participate in the research. And they responded to the questionnaire of Pintric & De Groot (1990) cognitive assessment questionnaire, Litman et al.'s epistemological curiosity (2010) and Fredericks et al.'s (2004) academic engagement questionnaire. For data analysis, Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests were used with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that the correlation between cognitive assessment (r=0.666) and epistemological curiosity (r=0.535) with academic enthusiasm was positive and significant (p<0.01).

Familiarity with the role of cognitive assessment and epistemological curiosity and the effect and relationship of these variables on academic enthusiasm is essential in educational planning.

Undoubtedly, in the age of information and data, the importance of databases is not hidden from anyone, that the use of this important need to comply with the ethical principles and human-oriented principle that everyone should adhere to, and in using the information, the utmost compliance with the principles and standards. They should pay attention to ethics and pay attention to it. The challenges that users face in the virtual space are not hidden from anyone, and this requires that solutions be considered for it. The purpose of the current research is to deduce the most important ethical challenges in the information age for users and better understanding of the relationships between those challenges and ethical theories in the field of information in virtual space for the users of this field, according to the ethical challenges and the foundations of ethical principles.

The current research is of a theoretical type and has been carried out using a descriptive-analytical method and a qualitative approach. The method of collecting information is a library and includes the identification and study of available scientific resources, including articles and books that are written in the field of ethics, computer ethics, global ethics, distance education system in the context of computer ethics and global ethics. Classification of information, analysis and interpretation of collected data and answers to research questions.

The research findings show. In the light of the progress of science and technology, it should be noted that information data is very important, and what seems to be more important is the ethics of information and how to use it correctly in cyberspace.

By being aware of the information challenges in the current century, we can solve the challenges in the information age with a rational-philosophical approach and with a thoughtful and realistic view, and by helping to expand the horizon of vision and improve the existing understanding between information data and the challenges we are facing, let's look at rational solutions to solve this problem.

Social health is one of the most basic criteria of social welfare of any society and it plays an effective role in improving the quality of life and provides a way of living and looking at life and collective life for the individual. From the point of view of Islamic mystics, social health in the group is the correct relationship of man with himself and others; Therefore, the researchers decided to examine the relationship between man and himself and others in two books, Logic of Al-Tayr and Hadiqa Al-Haqiqah, and the criteria and evidence of the formation of social health from the perspective of Attar and Sanai.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the evolution of the concept of God in Hinduism, considering the impact of different circumstances. The selection of these texts was because; In them, the course of human thought is clearly visible because it is the result of the intellectual efforts of many people over a long period of time and under various conditions. In the first category of these texts, namely the four Vedas, the most important of which is the Rig Veda, many gods are mentioned, which mostly represent natural phenomena. The evolution that occurred at the end of the Rig Veda; Belief in single and abstract gods such as Prajapati and Vishwakarman, which were previously used as attributes for gods. Although this process of abstracting the gods did not continue in the Brahmins, it had a significant impact on the prominence of the concept of sacrifice and its transformation in the Arnikas and the Upanishads. In fact, the internalization of the victim is the result of preferring meditation, concentration, austerity, and self-restraint, and previous long and boring rites and rituals. In these texts, the way to reach the truth and its real worship is not actions, but the right way, removing impurities and It is the elimination of wrong thoughts and illusions. Such thoughts reach their peak in the Upanishads, especially the Rig Veda. In the Upanishads, the absolute truth is Brahman, which includes its unattainable and indescribable duality (Nirguna) and the other Saguna. or the tangible aspect of who you are in its totality.

This article tries to analyze the social and cultural opportunities that immigration provides for developing countries with a descriptive analytical method. Therefore, the main purpose of this article is to know the opportunities that immigration provides for developing countries. Often, the benefits of immigrating to sending countries are often underestimated. But from one point of view, it can be analyzed as follows: immigrants can strengthen trade, remittances, innovations and investments in the homeland and even return to the homeland with better human capital at some point. An active diaspora can lead to factors of sustainable development, while immigration policies in receiving developed countries can increase the positive impact of immigration for development. In this study, these measures include those that support the initial integration of immigrants into the education system and the labor market, including job creation for asylum seekers. Dual citizenship agreements and circular migration are also possible instruments.

The aim of this study was to identify, quantify and prioritize the biorhythm cycle management model of the staff of educational-medical centers through the research method of heuristic mixed model. Statistical population in the qualitative section, a group of experts including professors in the field of organizational behavior management in universities and higher education centers, Vice Chancellor for Management Development and Resources of medical universities, and experts on physiological performance and biorhythm cycle. Shift in rotation of Imam Khomeini Medical Center in Sari, consisting of nurses, midwives, paramedics, services, laboratory and radiology with 820 people and in the prioritization department, senior managers and vice president of organizational development and resources of the University of Medical Sciences and Services They were from Mazandaran. In the qualitative part of the snowball sampling method, 20 people, in the quantitative part with the relative class sampling method based on the Cochran's formula, 264 people and in the prioritization section, 35 people with the non-random "targeted" method. Were selected as the statistical sample. Data in the qualitative part through grounded theory (GT) technique by conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews in MAXQDA software, in the quantitative part through structural equation modeling (SEM) with a researcher-made 74-item questionnaire in SPSS and AMOS software In the prioritization section, it was analyzed through hierarchical analysis (AHP) with a matrix questionnaire in EXPERT CHOICE software. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative stage, the necessary tests including acceptability (expert review) and verification (expert review) were used. In the quantitative stage, the validity of the questionnaires was divided into three methods formal, content (CVR and CVI range). For items between 0.6 to 0.1 and 0.85 to 0.1) and the structure (convergent validity range between 0.524 to 0.812 and divergent validity greater than the correlation of the structure with other structures) was confirmed. . Reliability was estimated by three methods of determining the factor load coefficients of items (more than 0.4), Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.703 to 0.914) and combined reliability (between 0.814 to 0.940) and Confirmed. In the prioritization section, the content of the matrix questionnaire was approved by five academic and organizational experts in terms of comprehensibility and expressiveness, and the rate of incompatibility of the criteria was calculated and confirmed as 0.007 to 0.04. Qualitative findings showed that the physiological performance model of human resources, based on a biorhythm cycle with 16 components describing causal conditions (working conditions, demographic characteristics and individual conditions), background conditions (organizational structure, motivation of managers and employees and moral intelligence) Intervention conditions (culture building, teamwork and organizational and non-organizational challenges), strategy (education and awareness, biorhythm cycle planning and performance management) and outcome (job performance improvement, physiological performance of human resources and performance improvement) Organizational) has been. The results of the quantitative section showed that all dimensions of the research model were confirmed. The results of the prioritization section also indicate the greater importance of the results (outcome) and the component of improving organizational performance.

The aim of this research was to provide a structural model of the quality of life of the elderly based on general health and demographic characteristics with the mediating role of social support. This research was a structural equation model correlation with practical goals. The statistical population in this study included 60 to 75-year-olds living in urban houses in Tehran, of which 314 people were selected as a research sample. The data collection tool was the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Iranian version of the Phillips Social Support Questionnaire (1986) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (1989). The statistical technique used was the method of structural equation model of complete latent variable type, and data analysis was done using Spss software version 26, Amos software version 24 and R software version 4.3.1. Examining the fit indices of the model showed that overall, the model has a very good condition in terms of explanation and fit. The obtained results showed that the variables of social support, general health, number of children and number of years of marriage have a significant positive effect on social support in old age. It is also necessary to mention the effect of variables of general health, social status, gender, number of children and number of years of marriage on the quality of life in old age indirectly with the mediating role of social support. According to the findings of this research, it can be said that the mediating role of social support can be particularly important in examining the changes in the quality of life of the elderly, and it is suggested that in care centers for the elderly as well as other counseling and guidance centers, the importance of social support Emphasis and education should be placed.

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that can negatively affect the physical and mental health of the patient. Thus, using appropriate coping styles to adapt to the disease and attachment to God can lead to self-control in patients with diabetes.

This study was performed in a quasi-experimental, descriptive and correlational manner. The statistical population of the present study consists of 200 people with diabetes in Kerman in 1399. Questionnaires of Attachment to God, Tanji self-control and Lazarus coping styles were used to collect data and in order to analyze the data in the path analysis method was used AMOS software.

The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between emotion-oriented coping styles with attachment to God, which leads to self-control in patients with diabetes, but unfortunately a relationship based on the use of problem-oriented coping styles Not present in patients with diabetes.

The results of this study show that the use of emotion-oriented coping styles with the attachment to God in patients with Diabetes is a necessary condition for self-control but it is not enough. In order to achieve self-control to improve their physical and mental conditions in the face of the illness, the use of problem-oriented coping styles along with emotion-centered coping styles and attachment to God is important and It is essential.

It is necessary and necessary to investigate the effective factors in improving the psychological health of mothers of students with special learning disabilities, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of resilience and gratitude in the psychological health of mothers of students with special learning disabilities.

The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The research community included all the mothers of students with special learning disabilities in the two Shahr districts of Baharestan in the academic year 2022-2023. 120 people were selected from among the eligible people by available sampling method and according to the resilience questionnaires of Connor and Davidson (2003), Gratitude Guderzi et al. (2013) and psychological health Najarian and Davoudi (2001) answered. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression were used with SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that there is a correlation between resilience (r=0.57), moral gratitude (r=0.58), inner gratitude (r=0.63), verbal gratitude (r=0.41) and gratitude (r=0.68). There is a significant negative relationship with psychological health (r=-0/0) (p<0.01).

Promoting resilience and gratitude in mothers of students with special learning disabilities can create a basis for improving their psychological health.

What causes marriage to continue is marital satisfaction; Therefore, the purpose of this research is to predict marital satisfaction based on Islamic lifestyle and spiritual health in married employees of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences.

The present research was a descriptive-correlational study that was conducted in 1402 in Bushehr city. The statistical population of the present study was the married employees of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, and the sampling method in this study was available sampling. In the present study, the sample size was 90 (45 men and 45 women). In order to collect data, three Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaires, Islamic lifestyle questionnaire and spiritual health questionnaire were used.

The results showed that Islamic lifestyle and spiritual health are correlated with marital satisfaction. It was also found that Islamic lifestyle and spiritual health predict 57% of changes in life expectancy.

The findings of the present study indicate that by providing suitable grounds to strengthen the Islamic lifestyle and spiritual health in married people, marital satisfaction can be improved.

Marital compatibility is one of the most important factors in determining the stability and durability of a marital relationship, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of spiritual-religious psychotherapy on the psychological security and marital compatibility of married students.

The present research was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group; the research population included all male and female married students of Azad University of Rudhan in the academic year of 2022-2023. 30 people from the studied population were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The data collection tools included Maslow's (1952) psychological security and Locke and Wallace's (1959) marital adjustment questionnaires. The experimental group was formed for 10 sessions, two 90-minute sessions of spiritual-religious psychotherapy training per week; but during this period, no training was held for the control group and they were on the waiting list. To analyze the data, univariate analysis of covariance was used with SPSS version 24 software.

Based on the comparison of the pre-test and post-test of the two groups, the findings showed that spiritual-religious psychotherapy had a significant effect on the psychological security and marital adjustment of married students (P ≥ 0.01).

Spiritual-religious psychotherapy can lead to the improvement of psychological security and marital compatibility of married students.

Improving the quality level of relationships and benefiting as much as possible from social life is one of the moral and educational goals of the Quran, which is expressed in the social verses. This is an interdisciplinary and applied research paper with the aim of extracting and representing the components, harms and strategies of optimal social communication and the link between Quranic teachings and modern sciences, carried out by the method of qualitative content analysis and combining the triangle of behavior mechanism (cognition, emotion, behavior). and Bandura's social cognitive theory (personal, environmental, behavioral determinants) and by following the three stages of pathology (identification, diagnosis, prevention or treatment) has achieved an innovative structure in providing a model for optimal communication that is in accordance with the findings of psychological science and the teachings Quran confirms it. Based on the verses, this research has firstly identified the components of the desired communication, then diagnosed the damages and finally presented strategies to increase the quality of communication and prevent and treat its damages in four cognitive, emotional, behavioral and environmental dimensions. The result is that components such as: self-awareness, self-control, communication skills in the individual dimension and trust, security, justice, and social support in the environmental dimension can play a significant role in creating and maintaining a desirable relationship. In the diagnosis stage, harms such as: narcissism, incompatibility, and violation of rights in the individual dimension and individualism, partisanship, class differences, and conflict in the environmental dimension can take the relationship out of the desired and effective state. In the prevention and treatment phase, guides such as: intellectual discipline, emotional discipline and speech discipline; Each one has a systematic structure that can create a huge change in the direction of improving social relations.

In diverse moral systems content is laudable, and each one promotes moral characteristics according to their particular foundations. The growth of power factors, wealth, and consumerism in the modern age has accelerated luxurious life, making it pressing to look at contentment again and depict its major characteristics.  This study aimed to propose a theory of contentment based on Nahj al-Balagha and understand the model of contentment.

The study methode is the Grounded. It was endeavored to investigate the concept of contentment from a new angle by looking at the influential causes and factors and relevant strategies.

Components like avoiding sins, modesty toward the creator, sufficiency, eschatology, avoiding carnal desires, and adopting a spirit of contentment were considered the causal factors of contentment in Nahj al-Balagha, while avoiding luxuries, well-being, subsistence, good deeds, taking pious people as role models, piety, abstinence, and assisting others were regarded as facilitating factors. Prudence, generosity, continence, and moderation were seen as contentment strategies, dissatisfaction with life, meanness, extravagance, going to extremes, greed, and misery were called intervening factors, and protecting religion, self-sufficiency, calmness, prosperity, and fighting poverty were the outcomes of acting according to contentment in Nahj al-Balagh. The pivotal component of the present investigation was “being content”, which included the above items.

According to Imam Ali (PBUH), contentment is the representation of the “Good Life” described in the Holy Qur’an for its transcendental effects. that includes all the good human qualities, including contentment, honor, dignity, and patience, and it is mentioned in the Quran