Promoting critical thinking: evaluation of elementary course textbooks in Iran's educational system

In an age where the increasing need for critical thinking has been identified, this research was conducted to investigate the level of development of this skill in elementary school textbooks in Iran's educational system. Using a mixed approach, combining quantitative content analysis with qualitative focus groups involving educators, this study evaluated the presence and depth of critical thinking motivations in textbooks. Findings showed that while textbooks provide basic knowledge, they lack in-depth critical thinking exercises, open-ended questions, and real-world case studies. In addition, a significant lack of diverse perspectives was noted. This study emphasizes the necessity of an appropriate model that integrates critical thinking seamlessly into the curriculum and emphasizes its fundamental importance in shaping young minds.