Criticism and analysis of ecopsychology in the Empty Place of Solouch novel of Mahmoud Dolatabadi with a look at Freud's theory of personality structure

Ecopsychology studies human psyche in relation to environment. Psychology, which is based on Freud's theory of personality structure, is product of mutual, interactive and conflicting relationship between three factors of Id, ego and superego. Of course, ecopsychology is opposed to Freud's views when it emphasizes introduction of God into individual's worldview. Now, with a descriptive-analytical method, we will deal with question of what effect nature has had on spirit and behavior and actions of people in fictional community of Empty Place of Solouch of Dolatabadi? To show the dominance of nous that such crises have created in personality structure of Solouch family and caused balance of their ego to be disturbed. The results of research show that dominance of nous in this novel, with mechanization of agriculture by Mirza Hassan, regardless of its compatibility with environment and its people, Solouch with chaotic impulses of "id", Mergan with grief and Makholia Abrav with inability of his "ego" to balance between "id", "superself" and outside world, Abbas with antisocial personality disorder and Hagar has faced dependent personality disorder. In fact, the dominance of nous, because it was used without considering the resilience of the environment and people of that region, has upset the ego balance of the novel's characters and caused them to have personality disorders that cause of such disturbances can be seen in lack of unconscious emotional participation of characters of novel with natural phenomena influenced by capitalist world and humanism of Enlightenment era.