Cultural Geography of Kufa in Nahj al-Balaghah (The Peak of Eloquence)

Cultural geography is one of the branches of human geography that examines the reasons for cultural differences and human values in various cultural regions. This paper explores the nature, theoretical foundations, and methodological aspects of the cultural geography of the city of Kufa during the era of Imam Ali. This research aims to analyze and study Kufa during the time of Imam Ali and its key role in the events of subsequent years. Kufa was one of the most influential cities in terms of its geographical location, population, and ethnography. The sermons and letters of Imam Ali regarding this city support the aforementioned claim and demonstrate that Kufa was initially established to be the center of government and rule. Due to cultural differences with other neighboring cities, it had numerous subcultures and, psychologically, its people were unstable and volatile. However, at the same time, it was considered a religious city in terms of its urban model and continues to play a central role. The research methodology employed is analytical-descriptive, utilizing various library resources and software.