Ideal Educational Tools for Improving the Quality of School-based E-learning in Iran based on Marshall McLuhan’s Theory of the Gutenberg Galaxy

In today’s Covid-19 period of time, school-based teaching and learning is inevitably under process in electronic (here online) mode, all over the world and Iran as well. After a year-long period of experiencing the spread of corona-virus across Iran, improving this type of education in schools across the country seems to be a vital need. Accordingly, educational tools play an important role in promoting the e-learning education. This comes as the promotion of e-learning is critical to Iran as it is in close touch with the country’s social-cultural context and its school- based e-learning experiences.The purpose of this article is to identify the appropriate educational tools for improving the school-based e-learning in Iran all based on the theory of the Gutenberg Galaxy by Marshall McLuhan. The research method adopted by this article is based on conducting in-depth interviews (interviews with elites) with 27 Iranian experts and elites in fields of communication sciences, educational management, and e-learning. The research concluded that, based on Marshall McLuhan’s theory of the Gutenberg Galaxy, the textbook is a proper educational tool for improving the quality of electronic education for the Iranian secondary school students studying at Grade 2.