Mapping Types of Ontological Metaphors in the Story of Setar by Jalal Al-Ahmad from Cognitive Perspective

Metaphor has a long history and a high position in Persian literature. Literature is inherently a social phenomenon, and the connection between literature and society is a long-standing and inextricable mutual link. Storytellers and poets have already mixed their social thoughts with artistic elements and expressed them in the form of poetry and prose. The aim of this study is to investigate the types of ontological metaphors in the story of Setar. The authors are looking for the question of how the ontological metaphors are used in the story of Setar and what concepts have been made tangible through this metaphor. The methodological nature of this qualitative study is descriptive-analytic, and the data were collected from the story Setar written by Jalal Al Ahmad. The findings indicated that the narrator has used metaphor well in order to convey the desired concepts. Also, the results showed that the use of ontological metaphors in this story was very frequent, such that the number of metaphor used in this story were 15 metaphors, including 3 metaphors of entity and substance and substance, 9 metaphors of container and place, and 3 metaphors of personification.