Insertion and Deletion of Consonant /d/ after Consonant /r/ in Words Belonging to Different Parts of Speech

During the history of the Persian language, many words have undergone different changes, among these changes is the appearance of the consonant /d/ after the consonant /r/ in some words. This phenomenon happened due to the close place of articulation of these two consonants. This change has been seen in the Khorāsān, Transoxiana, Sistān, and central cities from the fourth century onwards. Another change that is also the topic of this article’s discussion is the elimination of /d/ after the consonant /r/. The consonant /r/ causes /d/ to be eliminated due to the closeness of its place of articulation to the place of articulation of /d/ and for ease of pronunciation. This change also happened in the Khorāsān, Transoxiana, and central cities from the 4th century onwards. Both changes are seen in words with different grammatical identities.