Re-examining the Concept of “Non-litigious Matters” and Its Administrator  in the View of the Shiʿa (Twelver’s) Jurisprudence

Terms such as “hisbah”( supervision of the market and public order) and “omūr hesbiyyah” (non-litigious matters) are used in many jurisprudential texts as  matters in a way or other related to the task of a jurisprudent. However, in many of these texts, firstly, there is no clear meaning of the terms, and secondly, the jurists do not agree on the one who can take charge of these affairs. Today, with the expansion of the scope of the jurists’ authorities, the answer to the following two questions is of a double necessity: 1. ‘What is the meaning of “non-litigious matter” in jurisprudence texts?’ 2. Who takes charge of it? 
     In a descriptive-analytical research, the author comes to the conclusion that a “non-litigious matter” has been defined in two jurisprudential meanings, and the second term comes within the authority of jurisprudents, and it is any good deed that partakes of the following elements 1. Taking possession of them by others is initially forbidden. 2. The necessity of taking possession of them and 3. The possibility of interference by the legal authority in giving permission  for the possession of them by others. 
In the discussion on the tenure of “non-litigious matters”, from the words of the jurists, four theories can be deduced, which seems to be among the cases where there is a text on their tenure, as guardianship over the properties of orphans, found properties, something of unknown ownership (a derelict) and other cases. In the specified cases, the reliable believer and in other cases, the legal authority, is held responsible for them.