Approach of Sufis to Modernity and Modernism in Iran

Between Constitutional Revolution and Pahlavi, modernity and modernism were important concerns of the administration and religious people. Sufis reacted in fields like modern education, clothing, and parties, as well as in theoretical areas and foundations of modern thinking like nationalism and humanism. Safi ‘Alishahi and Sultan ‘Alishahi, the main branches of Nematullahiyya Tariqat, each had different perspectives and practices. The question is that based on their religious foundations, what approach they assumed regarding the wave of modernism in constitutional revolution and Pahlavi period?  Sufis avoided revolutionary measures of constitutional revolution but were not detached from the wave of modernization; during the Pahlavi period, conformities and oppositions with mainly cultural issues forced them to revise their religious foundations. The results show that Sufis accepted the manifestations of modernization but not the structural and fundamental changes in religious beliefs.