Ḥāfiẓ’s Fatalism; A theological Approach or a Discursive Strategy?

On the one hand, Ḥāfiẓ calls his readers to submit to eternal fate and Divine Willingness; and on the other hand, he shows his linguistic and mental rebellion against the world's misfortunes and human suffering. The present study seeks to explore how can we find a logical relationship between these two incompatible approaches in Hafiz's thought? Do the fatalistic propositions in Hafez's poetry indicate a theological approach such as Ashʿarites or The Sufistic teachings? Or we can find another perspective behind Hafiz's fatalism that shows the critical aspects of his thought? The results showed that, under the cover of fatalism, Hafiz negates the ideologies that generate "hypocrisy" and "superficiality" and resists the hegemony of discourses that narrate the world according to the will of autocratic rulers and the interests of two demagogic institutions: the “Mutašari'ūn” (religious legislator) and the “mutasawifa” (Sufis). And thus, he uses fatalism as a discursive strategy to reject "prejudice" and "violence"; and expand "free thinking" and "tolerance".