Dialogicality in Simin Behbahani's Poetry based on Bakhtin’s dialogism

The present article studies the dialogic factors in Simin Behbahani’s poems (1306-1393) based on Mikhail Bakhtin’s dialogism. Behbahani, one of the founders of Neo-Persian ghazal, uses her poems to communicate with her audience through presenting a fresh view of human beings and society. To achieve this aim, she uses modern language and narrative and fictional expressions, presenting her dialogues in different ways to introduce polyphony to her poetry. In this article, we try to use an analytical-descriptive method to answer these fundamental questions: what techniques cause polyphony in Simin Behbahani's lyric poems and what effect do the poet's poetic themes have in this regard? We argue that in her love poems, Simin uses her poetic individuality to speak to her lover in simple and fluent language, and to explain her romantic relationships in great detail. Furthermore, by dealing with romantic-social, domestic and political-social themes, and especially criticizing the situation of women, and by using techniques such as narration, conversation monologues, and through the use of intertextuality, rhetorical propositions, grotesque and carnival, she has established an emotional connection with the elements around her and has provided the conditions for the presence of the "other" in her poetry to create a polyphonic atmosphere as opposed to the monologic atmosphere of traditional poetry.