Defining Challenges in Governance Oversight

The cornerstone of problem-solving lies in defining challenges properly. Without defining a well-structured challenge, finding an optimal solution becomes unattainable. This study focuses on the critical matter of oversight within the governance system. Weakness in the framing oversight-related issues has led to  inefficiencies in oversight and ultimately resulted in the erosion of social capital, corruption, and the governance system inefficiencies. Therefore, the current research aims to formulate the issues related to oversight in governance. To collect data, thirteen documents were examined, and 24 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts, including 18 government officials and 6 faculty members. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis, which revealed 97 basic themes, 34 organizing themes, and 9 global themes. Based on the coding, the global themes such as the ineffectiveness of oversight systems; improper implementation and formulation of laws; lack of oversight in the smooth flow of affairs; absence of accountability and responsibility, transparency deficits,  coherence and integrity shortcomings; meritocracy and merit selection issues; internal oversight deficiencies and self-oversight gaps; and absence of collective decision-making were identified. These findings point to weaknesses within regulatory bodies and inadequacies in governing laws and regulations.