analyz of the poetry of Muhammad Abd al-Bari based on Pierre Girou's theory, case study:The poem “What Zarqa al-Yamama did not say

The methods of analyzing poetic texts have changed due to the evolution of critical awareness. Research on texts now relies on the dialectical relationship with the text and its systematic reception in order to uncover the true meaning. This goal is achieved by understanding the symbolic system and nodes of the text. Semiotics, a new critical method, plays a crucial role in understanding and removing ambiguity from the text. It aims to bridge the gap between the text and its recipient.This article focuses on Muhammad Abd al-Bari's poem "What Zarqa al-Yamamah Did Not Say" using a semiotic approach. The main objective is to gain insight into his poetic experience and explore new horizons for contemporary Sudanese poetry. Additionally, this research aims to investigate the behavioral reality of Arab people in modern times.The results of this study reveal that the poem is rich in symbols, characters, and historical codes. The poet uses these elements to depict a tragic future. In terms of aesthetics, the text defamiliarizes language by disrupting normal connections between words, vocabulary, and linguistic structures. By portraying the poet's life reality through poetry, the language of the text serves an ironic function, revealing a reality that the poet may not be receptive to.In addition to depicting a tragic future, the poet also envisions a bright future that can be achieved through new awareness and knowledge.