Spatial-temporal analysis of "division proportionality" and "Gerrymandering" in constituencies of East Azerbaijan province

Electoral geography is the knowledge that deals with the differences and similarities of electoral patterns in different geographical areas at the national level and establishes a relationship between these patterns and other social and economic structures. Despite the comprehensiveness of the geography of elections and the diversity of its subjects, two important issues in the geography of elections, especially parliamentary elections, are the proportionality in the distribution of parliamentary seats and the manipulation of the boundaries of constituencies. Takhsim examines justice in the geographical space of elections and examines whether the proportion of the population is commensurate with the number of seats; And Jerry Mandering is an electoral geography that manipulates and shifts electoral boundaries; And examines how changes in constituency boundaries lead to the victory of an individual or group in an election. Review; Proportion sharing; And; Jerry Mandering; It is one of the researchable cases that was not discussed in Iran before and after the revolution. East Azarbaijan province is a province that, both when it formed a province with Ardabil province and after it, has a great variety of topics in the geography of elections, including study; malapportionment; And; Jerry Mandering; Enjoys. This article is based on a comprehensive study of two categories; malapportionment; And; Jerry Mandering; It is in the eleven periods of East Azerbaijan and in this article only the above two issues in this province have been dealt with. The research data was done by library and analytical methods using Spss and Gis software. What was obtained from the results of the research was that in the study of the proportionality of the division, it was observed that in the constituencies of East Azerbaijan province, there is less spatial justice in terms of population and number of seats. Deviation from the constituency population criterion is calculated relative to the national average of 157692 people; The sum of its variance is equal to 18.42 and its average variance is equal to 1.4 percent. Jerry Mandering's investigation has manipulated the boundaries of some constituencies.