Investigating heat waves in Ardabil city and its effect on urban heating

Heat waves are one of the climate hazards. The purpose of this research is to investigate the heat waves of Ardabil city and its effect on urban heating from 2003 to 2018. For this purpose by using Fumiaki index, the days where the temperature was +2 standard deviations or higher than the NTD average and lasted for at least 2 days and was defined as a day with heat wave. In order to investigate the effect of heat waves on heat island in the hot and cold months, the heat island for days with a heat wave and a normal day without heat wave with the lowest and maximum temperature before the occurrence of each heat wave during the day and at night of Modis - Aqua was calculated. According to the results, during the studied period, the highest annual and monthly frequency of heat wave in Ardabil was in 2010 and 2016 and in March, April and July. The results also showed that the maximum duration of heat waves was 4 days and therefore short-term. According to the findings, both in the hot months and in the cold months, in both heat wave and no heat wave condition, a cold island is often formed during the day and a heat island is formed at night in Ardabil center. Heat waves, especially in the hot months of the year, have been more than no heat wave conditions. In the summer nights, in the heat wave conditions, the temperature increase up to 4 ºc has also been experienced in the heat island. In total, the results showed that the influence of the heat island on the occurrence of heat waves was higher in hot months than in cold months.