The Nature and Basis of Civil Liability Arising from Artificial Intelligence in Iranian and EU Members’ Laws

Nowadays, it is necessary to adapt regulations to the challenges of new technology. Liability policies have substantial economic and social impacts. Therefore, choosing a clear and coherent civil liability regime for artificial intelligence will be very crucial. National rules are divergent and provide varying degrees of flexibility to adjust to the challenges of AI. Fault-based liability is a general presumption in most European legal systems.

It is descriptive-analytical through the analysis of relevant materials and legal analysis methods with comparative study in European documents.

The comparative analysis to choose the basis liability for AI has focused on the four general groups of situations commonly covered in national law by strict liability provisions. According to a recent European Parliament resolution submitted to the European Commission as a proposal, it has been provided a strict liability for the operator of the "high-risk" AI system. Where multiple operators are involved, they should be jointly and severally liable. Other AI systems would be subject to a fault-based liability regime. In Iranian law, the AI liability can be explained as the liability for the acts of others based on customary citation. When there are several responsible, the shared responsibility is justifiable.