Evaluation of the effect of carbon-based nanocomposites containing Trachyspermum on gtf gene expression in Streptococcus mutans

The bacterium Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of dental caries. The formation of biofilms of this bacterium depends on the presence of the enzyme glucosyltransferase, which is encoded by the gtf gene. The aim of this study was evaluated the effect of polysaccharide nanocomposites of Chitosan(Cs)/Carboxymethyl Starch(CMS) /CQD.Mg /Trachyspermum on gtf gene expression in Streptococcus mutans using Real Time-PCR method in the formation of dental biofilm.

After preparation of Chitosan(Cs)/Carboxymethyl Starch(CMS) /CQD.Mg /Trachyspermum nanocomposite, its antimicrobial effect on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 35668 was investigated by microdilution method. The morphology and structural properties of the nanocomposite were investigated by FTIR and SEM analysis. The expression of gtfD, gtfC, gtfB genes was examined by Real Time-PCR technique. Data analysis was performed by SPSS22 software and the means were compared based on ANOVA at the level of 0.05.

The particle size of Chitosan(Cs)/Carboxymethyl Starch(CMS)/CQD.Mg/Trachyspermum nanocomposite was obtained in the range of 36-40 nm. The results of FTIR spectrum indicate the formation of a bond between carbon-quantum materials-magnesium and Trachyspermum essential oil in the nanocomposite. The antimicrobial effect of Cs/ CMS/CQD.Mg/Trachyspermum (0.168 mg/ ml) was obtained. RT-PCR results showed that gtfC gene expression was significantly reduced (P=0.049) in nanocomposite-treated cells, indicating the strong effect of Cs/CMS/CQD.Mg/Trachyspermum nanocomposite suppresses gtfC gene and reduces biofilm formation. No significant relationship was observed in the expression of gtfB and gtfD genes in nanocomposite-treated cells compared to the control group (P = 0.067, P = 0.187).

According to the results, the expression of gftC gene in cells treated with nanocomposite containing Trachyspermum has decreased and nanocomposite has a strong effect in suppressing genes and reducing the formation of microbial biofilm of teeth.
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