The causes and effects of the degradation of solar photovoltaic panels' components

The development of photovoltaic solar systems as one of the solutions for electricity supply in the form of sustainable and modern development has attracted much attention in recent years. Nevertheless, since these systems are located in open environments, they are exposed to a set of external harsh conditions and stresses during their working period. Ultraviolet radiation, fluctuating temperature, and humidity cycles, rain, snow and hail, wind, dust and sand storms, or salt deposition can severely affect the efficiency of photovoltaic power plants and the lifespan of these systems. Accurate prediction knowledge of the types of possible failures for these systems can lead to better management of the systems and their higher productivity. Therefore, in the present study, a content analysis method was used to review previous research in this field to categorize and explain the types of failures reported for these systems as well as the reasons for such failures and the affected components. The studies conducted in this field showed that among the degradation mechanisms related to weather and environment, the degradation mechanisms of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, and the stability relationships of this material in silicon-based solar panels have been investigated. The effects caused by the degradation of this polymer such as color change, layering, bubble formation, and corrosion, and their relationship with polymer structure, and chemical, mechanical, optical, and electrical properties have also been studied. The results of this research have been presented to researchers and decision-makers in the field of photovoltaic solar systems and the efficiency of the electricity industry.