Studying the factors affecting terror in the Qajar era (from Naseri era to the end of Muhammad Alishah's rule) (1264-1327 AH)

Terrorism or assassination with the aim of physically eliminating opponents and in order to achieve political, economic and religious goals has a long history in the history of Iran. This issue became more intense during the Qajar period and especially from the Naseri period. During this period, the autocracy of the kings and the mismanagement of the political elites increased, and for the first time the ideas of libertarianism became the motivation for the political assassination of Naser al-Din Shah. With the beginning of the constitutional movement, the conflict between the opposing groups (socialists and moderates and parliamentarians and royal tyranny) increased and reached its peak during the period of Mohammad Alishah. This issue finally became a factor in the closure of the parliament by Mohammad Alishah. After the conquest of Tehran, party conflicts and conflicts led to mutual assassinations, and the formation of organized assassinations and the use of bombs were among the characteristics of this category of assassinations. The negative consequences of these terror attacks can be seen as the creation of an atmosphere of terror and the strengthening of resilience and the instilling of a spirit of violence among the strata of society. This research, with the descriptive-analytical method and with the benefit of library and documentary sources, seeks to identify the effective factors on organized terrors in the Qajar period. The findings of the research indicate that the existence of an autocratic system in the Qajar society and the conflict between the nation and the state was one of the most important political roots of terror in this era. On the other hand, the differences in the society, including the conflict between the parties, as well as the economic crises and the interference of foreign forces, especially Russia and England, in the country's economic structure were other factors of the formation of terror during the Qajar era.