Deviation of Objects in the Holy Qurʾān Based on Jonathan Cohen's Theory: The Case Study of Ajza One to Three

Rhetoric and syntax play a significant role in the accurate translation and interpretation of the Qurʾān, and deviation as one of the findings of the science of rhetoric is not excluded from this influence. Therefore, in order to access the exact meanings of the ayahs, we are forced to examine the style of deviation from norms or enziyah. Deviating from the rules of the standard language aims to make readers contemplate new concepts and meanings especially if this process is in the text of the Holy Qurʾān. While identifying the factors in the first to third ajza of the Qurʾān, their deviating factors are analyzed based on Jonathan Cohen's theory and from two structural and semantic perspectives. Semantic deviation includes the literary devices of expression, i.e., metaphor, metonymy, irony, and simile, while structural deviation is expressed in fronting, tailing, omission, iltifat, and prolixity. In this research, which was carried out using a descriptive and analytical method, the extent of the effect of words and sentences having the fatḥah on the lexical and semantic beauty of the first three ajza of the Holy Qurʾān was determined, and on the other hand, by examining examples of ayahs, it was shown how one can find the new meanings of objects through focusing on deviation.