Evaluation and investigation of long-term and late complications of covid-19 infection and/or COVID-19 vaccination of different platforms

After the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, another crisis has come to attention with the progression or persistence of symptoms of COIVD-19, known as long-COVID, which is very important due to the increasing number of reports of late-detected symptoms and their potential impact on the quality of life. In this study, long-term disorders were investigated in people who received three doses of the vaccines in order to distinguish between the side effects caused by COVID or the vaccine and the factors affecting it. Vaccinated people of four different vaccination regimens who received two doses of Sinopharm or AstraZeneca vaccines and got a booster dose of PastoCovac/Plus were followed from the first vaccine dose to 6 months after the booster shot. All adverse events were recorded through an in-depth interview using a researcher-made questionnaire, as well as COIVD-19 history and other demographics. Out of a total of 329 follow-up subjects, 30 cases (9.1%) were identified with long-term complications during the follow-up, who had at least one recorded history of COIVD-19 disease. The average age of these people was 40.5±9.3 and the average BMI was 27.23±4.6. The most common underlying diseases in this group were thyroid disorders (20%), hyper lipedema (10%) and hypertension (6%). The examination of registered complications showed that menstrual problems in women (30%), hair loss (20%), joint disorders (20%), headache (13%) and skin manifestations (10%) were the most common complications, respectively, and the identified symptoms were mainly stable until the end of the study with an average duration of 154 days. In 19 of these people, the vaccine was diagnosed as the main cause of the complication though there was no significant difference between the vaccine regimens. In the other 11 people, infection with SARS-CoV-2 was considered as the main trigger of the complication, although the role of the vaccine as a trigger for the exacerbation of complications cannot be neglected. In the current timeframe in which the vast majority of the world's population have got vaccinated against COIVD-19, it is difficult to identify late-onset disorders as side effects of vaccines or prolonged manifestations of COIVD-19. Therefore, some complications, though late, may be a possible consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. This study has the advantage of long-term follow-up, which provides different forms of late events compared to the date of infection and vaccination of COIVD-19. The rate of late-onset disorders in the present study also highlights the importance of long-term follow-up studies in populations worldwide.