Explanation of Rural Environmental Governance Model in Iran: Problems, Routes and Consequences

For rural ecological biodiversity, environmental governance was raised. Although the law was also proposed by the Governors of the World General Assembly of the Environment, it has faced problems due to the development pattern above and several centuries in the country of rural environmental governance. The purpose of the present study is to investigate rural environmental governance in Iran and design its model. The present study has a practical purpose in terms of the method of doing so. The data collection tool has been structured. The statistical population has been government and rural managers and academic experts. 15 samples were selected using the purposeful sampling method and with theoretical saturation. The theory and method of Strauss and Corbin (1998) were used to analyze the information. The results showed that the reasons for the neglect of rural environmental governance in Iran due to the focus of environmental governance ideas on urban areas were the lack of awareness of sustainable development among local leaders and the lack of an environmental governance model in the country. These causes have been due to problems such as inadequate laws on rural environmental protection, government-centered environmental governance in rural areas, and lack of local management guarantees to protect the rural environment. Removing these problems depends on the determination of multiple paths such as establishing participatory governance in environmental protection, strengthening the sense of rural participation in environmental protection, balancing economic and environmental interests, and developing a rural environmental governance system by law. Be. Removing the above problems and applying the paths provided can protect the environment, solve environmental problems, environmental sustainability, and sustainable rural development. The originality and innovation of this study are due to the first-hand view of rural environmental governance and the provision of paths to overcome environmental instability in the country.

The Rural Environmental Governance Act is an important part of national and global governance that was presented as a set of statements for rural ecological and environmental governance. Rural environmental governance decides on the control and management of rural environmental and natural resources. The law calls for all political and non-political actors to work in rural environmental management. In fact, this law engages complex environmental problems by engaging local and non-local actors in numerous political issues and often interdependent. In Iran, it has not been addressed as the sustainable environmental issue and the use of environmental governance in the country; The internal laws of the country and the assumptions of good environmental governance also usually have a low, urban, not rural approach. It should be noted that the application of the Rural Environmental Governance Act and its use depends on the recognition of this law and identifying the problems and paths of rural environmental governance in the country. This has constantly challenged the country's rural environment. Given the importance of this issue, the purpose of the present study is to investigate rural environmental governance in Iran (problems, paths, challenges, and consequences).

The present study is classified in the field of applied research. This study is part of the classification of classification research on how to collect the required data. The statistical population includes the country's middle-level managers, and academic experts in the country who have been selected for interviews and completion of the qualitative questionnaire and according to the purpose of the research. In the present study, using the Delphi method and the purpose of the research, 15 experts (rural managers, academic experts/ university lecturers, and postgraduate students) are selected as an example for the present study. Strauss and Corbin (1998) and contextual theory were used to analyze the data and information obtained according to the research questions and the purpose of the research. The data analysis was done by the Strauss and Corbin method and simultaneously with data collection.

Based on the coding, all themes, categories, and concepts, based on structured interviews, analyzed and categorized with 15 selected experts were as follows. Their full details are also provided. Open coding (general concept) led to the identification of 55 general concepts; Codesting (the category) led to the identification of 15 categories; Selected coding (theme) led to the identification of four general causes of neglect of the use of rural environmental governance in Iran, problems and challenges of rural environmental governance, multiple strategies and paths to improve rural environmental governance and the consequences of rural environmental governing became. The three stages of coding led to the identification of the causes of neglect of the use of rural environmental governance in Iran, the problems and challenges of rural environmental governance, strategies, and multiple paths to improve rural environmental governance, and the consequences of rural environmental care and use in Iran. To formulate a rural environmental governance model in Iran, in accordance with questions and goals that identify the causes of delay in application, legislative problems, multiple paths to improve rural environmental governance, and the consequences of rural environmental governance and design design in Iran were presented in Iran. The validity of the country's rural environmental governance model was reviewed prepared and drawn in the form of the final model.

The results showed that the reasons for the neglect of rural environmental governance in Iran due to the focus of environmental governance ideas on urban areas were the lack of awareness of sustainable development among local leaders and the lack of an environmental governance model in the country. These causes have been due to problems such as inadequate laws on rural environmental protection, government-centered environmental governance in rural areas, and lack of local management guarantees to protect the rural environment. Removing these problems depends on the determination of multiple paths such as establishing participatory governance in environmental protection, strengthening the sense of rural participation in environmental protection, balancing economic and environmental interests, and developing a rural environmental governance system by law. Removing the above problems and applying the paths provided can protect the environment, solve environmental problems, environmental sustainability, and sustainable rural development.