Mirza Fatali Akhundov 's critical approaches to the Safavid government

Akhundov is one of the first Iranian intellectuals who, despite his traditional education in Iran, under the influence of the intellectual atmosphere of the Caucasus, realized Iran's backwardness and tried to find the roots of Iran's inequality with the Western world. However, he hastily and unresearched discussions. One of the topics he focused on was the reflection on Iran's history and historical past, which he divided into two parts: the ancient golden period and the violent Islamic age. He considered the attack of Muslim Arabs on Iran as one of the causes of these inequalities. Therefore, he took a harsh critical approach towards the Islamic era and unresearchedly put the Samani and Ilkhani regimes in the same row. According to this approach, the main issue of this article what is Akhundzadeh's attitude towards Safavid and how he evaluated and analyzed it. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the author comes to the conclusion that Akhundov emphasizes two special issues: first, superstitions, and secondly, the beginning of a new era in the West and the Iranians' confrontation with it. With these two approaches, Safavid history has gained special importance for him. So that in two dedicated articles "Deceptive Stars (Youssef Shah)" and "Criticism of Soroush Esfahani's Poems and Ancestors" he has discussed the history of the Safavid dynasty, their thoughts and government. Compared to other post-Islamic dynasties, he has made many more criticisms of the Safavid dynasty. As far as most of his criticisms of the Islamic period are implicitly directed at Safavid.