Reforms Raised by Internet of Things in Administrative Law and Smart Governance

Recent smart city strategies are directly or indirectly related to Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Administrative and constitutional norms can impose motivations to introduce applications of the IoT in the public administration. The results of this paper introduce the IoT design necessities for a closer exchange between citizens and the state, namely ensuring the legal conformity of automated administrative procedures and not existing any margin of appreciation. Processing personal data in IoT applications requires that public and private institutions comply with the principles of data protection laws, namely the principle of privacy of personally identifiable information and the principle of necessity and purpose limitation. Moreover, the results show the potential of the IoT to change administration and administrative law i.e., transition of roles for humans and the public administration, opportunity creation of cooperative legislator, construction information symmetries and equity, changes in administrative procedures and structures, and redirection of human resources where they are really needed. Achieving these advantages requires a legal system that can take into account the necessary rules during the implementation of an IoT application. Germany's regulatory experience in this regard can be taken into consideration by Iranian legislators.