Criminological Approach to Criminalization and Response in the field of urban planning system structure

Legal criminology is a practical field of criminology that analyzes the technical aspects of criminal law institutions and suggests alternative solutions. The urban planning and management system is an important institution in the country's overall structure, and crimes related to urban planning are of great significance due to the role of this area in the lives of the population living in cities. However, despite its importance, no study has examined the system's structure from a criminological perspective. Only a few studies have focused on analyzing corruption in urban planning, while other relevant crimes have been ignored. This research aims to examine and analyze the structure of urban planning from a criminological standpoint, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The urban planning system is a complex combination of various rules, regulations, and participants, making it difficult to analyze. The most significant factors contributing to the development of crime in the urban planning system are its governmental structure and the diversity of actors in the field. The financial structure of the urban planning system, coupled with its dependence on income from crime and violations, has led to the commission of numerous offenses and crimes that involve coordination between the offenders and the government and public elements of the structure. The enactment of legislation plays a crucial role in the creation of crime within urban planning structures. The current situation, which involves a scattered set of criminal regulations, confusion in criminalization and prosecution, and inadequate deterrents for criminal responses, results in significant consequences