The Role of Spiritual Experiences in Self-efficacy of Students with the Mediation of Mindfulness

Students can be adapted and active both in the field of learning and in personal and social life, with the development of self-efficacy. So, the present study investigated the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship between spiritual experiences and students' self-efficacy.

The research was a descriptive-correlation study on 269 Farhangian University of Qazvin province undergraduate students in the academic year 2020-2021 who were selected by the available sampling method. They answered the questionnaires on the spiritual experiences of Underwood and Tarsi (2002), mindfulness of Chadwick et al. 2008) and self-efficacy answered by Scherer and Maddox (1982) through the Internet. Pearson's correlation test using SPSS version 24 software was used to analyze the data and AMOS software was used to check the research model.

The results showed the feeling of God's presence (P<0.01, β=0.185), connection with God (P<0.01, β=0.222), and a sense of responsibility towards others (P<0.01, β=0.381 have a positive and direct effect on mindfulness. The feeling of God's presence has a positive effect on self-efficacy both directly (P<0.01, β=0.159) and indirectly and with the mediation of mindfulness (P<0.05, β=0.085). Communication with God has a positive effect on self-efficacy both directly (P<0.01, β=0.137) and indirectly and with the mediation of mindfulness (P<0.01, β=0.102). The sense of responsibility towards others has a positive effect on self-efficacy both directly (P<0.05, β=0.135) and indirectly and with the mediation of mindfulness (P<0.01, β=0.175). Mindfulness has a direct and positive effect on self-efficacy (P<0.01, β=0.460).

Based on the results, students' self-efficacy can be increased by raising awareness and raising spiritual experiences to strengthen mindfulness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to this important issue in the policies and planning of educational systems and to think of the necessary measures to improve and promote the self-efficacy of students.