Removal of Lead and Mercury from Water Using Nanoparticles: A Concise Review on Adsorption

Water is the most essential natural resources in the ecosystem and vital for the existence of all living beings as well as humans growth. Due to the rapid industrialization, water pollution is now the most vital matter of concern. A common ecological issue is water pollution with heavy metals, such as lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), which has become a major environmental problem due to the detrimental consequences on human health and ecosystems. Additionally, research into new and more effective water treatment methods is being driven by the persistence, toxicity, and accumulation of Pb and Hg in the human body. This is done to reduce the amount of Pb and Hg in water. To remove or lower the amount of Pb and Hg in water, several researchers make substantial use of the adsorption. Adsorption continues to be a practical method with flexible design and execution. In the past few years, nanotechnology has come to be a promising approach for the remediation of water polluted with these hazardous metals by adsorption. It will become more and more difficult to deploy technologically sophisticated alternative water treatments to meet the growing demand for lower levels of Pb and Hg in drinking water using current methods. Compared it to alternative approaches, nanotechnology has a lot of benefits. Nanoparticles, owing to their unique physicochemical properties, have garnered attention as competent adsorbents for Pb and Hg removal from water. This review gives an in depth account of several nanoparticle preparation methods. The review also highlights the recent advancements in the application of different nanoparticles for the remediation of Pb and Hg from aquatic environments.