The Therapeutic Effects Evaluation of Chamomile Plant Extract and Saffron Petals in Diabetic Rats and The Feasibility of Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis

Herbal medicine, which bears fewer adverse effects than chemical medications, is becoming more popular for the treatment of diabetes. After measuring the antioxidant properties, the inhibition pattern between the extracts and the pancreatic α-amylase enzyme was determined. Diabetic mice were treated with herbal extracts and acarbose. The blood biochemical factors were then measured. The best extract examined the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The extracts of saffron and chamomile petals showed an inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme with a competitive and mixed pattern, respectively. FBS had a significant decrease in all treatment groups, and only in the group treated with an ultrasound-assisted aqueous extract of saffron petals did insulin levels increase significantly. The ALT enzyme decreased significantly in the presence of saffron extract. The reduction of the AST factor is significant only in chamomile extract. The results showed that for optimal synthesis of silver nanoparticles, values of temperature, pH, time, and silver nitrate salt concentration were 55°C, pH = 10, 4 hours, and 1.2 mM, respectively. The plant extracts studies can efficiently lower the blood sugar levels, increase insulin production, and regulate liver enzymes in the blood. As a result, they have a good impact on diabetes treatment. These extracts outperform the chemical medication acarbose in terms of efficacy and have no negative effects on the liver. The saffron extract demonstrates the ability to synthesize Ag-NP, which is frequently employed in biomedical applications.